First published online June 12, 2003; 10.1104/pp.103.020347
Plant Physiology 132:1424-1438 (2003)
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
Mechanisms of Glucose Signaling during Germination of Arabidopsis1
John Price,
Tsai-Chi Li,
Shin Gene Kang,
Jong Kuk Na and
Jyan-Chyun Jang*
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 43210
Glucose (Glc) signaling, along with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, has been
implicated in regulating early plant development in Arabidopsis. It is
generally believed that high levels of exogenous Glc cause ABA accumulation,
which results in a delay of germination and an inhibition of seedling
development—a typical stress response. To test this hypothesis and
decipher the complex interactions that occur in the signaling pathways, we
determined the effects of sugar and ABA on one developmental event,
germination. We show that levels of exogenous Glc lower than previously cited
could delay the rate of seed germination in wild-ecotype seeds. Remarkably,
this effect could not be mimicked by an osmotic effect, and ABA was still
involved. With higher concentrations of Glc, previously known Glc-insensitive
mutants gin2 and abi4 exhibited germination kinetics similar
to wild type, indicating that Glc-insensitive phenotypes are not the same for
all developmental stages of growth and that the signaling properties of Glc
vary with concentration. Higher concentrations of Glc were more potent in
delaying seed germination. However, Glc-delayed seed germination was not
caused by increased cellular ABA concentration, rather Glc appeared to slow
down the decline of endogenous ABA. Except for the ABA-insensitive mutants,
all tested genotypes appeared to have similar ABA perception during
germination, where germination was correlated with the timing of ABA drop to a
threshold level. In addition, Glc was found to modulate the transcription of
genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and perception only after germination,
suggesting a critical role of the developmental program in sugar sensing. On
the basis of an extensive phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular analysis, we
suggest that exogenous Glc application creates specific signals that vary with
concentration and the developmental stage of the plant and that Glc-induced
fluctuations in endogenous ABA level generate a different set of signals than
those generated by external ABA application.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at
www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.020347.
1 This work was supported by the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development
Center and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Program at the Ohio State
University (to J.C.J.). Salaries and research support were provided by the
state and federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and
Development Center, the Ohio State University. This is manuscript number
HCS02-35.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail
jang.40{at}osu.edu;
fax 614–292–8496.
Received January 13, 2003;
returned for revision March 19, 2003;
accepted April 18, 2003.
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