First published online June 5, 2003; 10.1104/pp.102.018481
Plant Physiology 132:1499-1507 (2003)
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION
Second Positive Phototropism Results from Coordinated Co-Action of the Phototropins and Cryptochromes1
Craig W. Whippo and
Roger P. Hangarter*
Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
47405
Phototropism and hypocotyl growth inhibition are modulated by the coaction
of different blue-light photoreceptors and their signaling pathways. How
seedlings integrate the activities of the different blue-light photoreceptors
to coordinate these hypocotyl growth responses is still unclear. We have used
time-lapse imaging and a nontraditional mathematical approach to conduct a
detailed examination of phototropism in wild-type Arabidopsis and various
blue-light photoreceptor mutants. Our results indicate that high fluence rates
of blue light (100 µmol m–2
s–1) attenuate phototropism through the coaction
of the phototropin and cryptochrome blue-light photoreceptors. In contrast, we
also demonstrate that phototropins and cryptochromes function together to
enhance phototropism under low fluence rates (<1.0 µmol
m–2 s–1) of blue
light. Based on our results, we hypothesize that phototropins and
cryptochromes regulate phototropism by coordinating the balance between
stimulation and inhibition of growth of the hypocotyl depending on the fluence
rate of blue light.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at
www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.102.018481.
1 This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no.
IBN–0080783) and by the Department of Energy (grant no.
DE–FG02–01ER15223).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail
rhangart{at}bio.indiana.edu;
fax 812–855–6082.
Received November 30, 2002;
returned for revision February 8, 2003;
accepted March 14, 2003.
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