Plant Physiology 132:1586-1599 (2003)
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES
Induction of Volatile Terpene Biosynthesis and Diurnal Emission by Methyl Jasmonate in Foliage of Norway Spruce1
Diane M. Martin,
Jonathan Gershenzon and
Jörg Bohlmann*
Biotechnology Laboratory (D.M.M., J.B.) and Departments of Botany
(D.M.M., J.B.) and Forest Sciences (J.B.), University of British Columbia,
6174 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3; and
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Winzerlaer Strasse 10, 07745 Jena,
Germany (D.M.M., J.G., J.B.)
Terpenoids are characteristic constitutive and inducible defense chemicals
of conifers. The biochemical regulation of terpene formation, accumulation,
and release from conifer needles was studied in Norway spruce [Picea
abies L. (Karst)] saplings using methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to induce
defensive responses without inflicting physical damage to terpene storage
structures. MeJA treatment caused a 2-fold increase in monoterpene and
sesquiterpene accumulation in needles without changes in terpene composition,
much less than the 10- and 40-fold increases in monoterpenes and diterpenes,
respectively, observed in wood tissue after MeJA treatment (D. Martin, D.
Tholl, J. Gershenzon, J. Bohlmann
[2002] Plant Physiol 129:
1003–1018). At the same time, MeJA triggered a 5-fold increase in total
terpene emission from foliage, with a shift in composition to a blend
dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes (e.g. linalool) and sesquiterpenes [e.g.
(E)- -farnesene] that also included methyl salicylate. The rate
of linalool emission increased more than 100-fold and that of sesquiterpenes
increased more than 30-fold. Emission of these compounds followed a pronounced
diurnal rhythm with the maximum amount released during the light period. The
major MeJA-induced volatile terpenes appear to be synthesized de novo after
treatment, rather than being released from stored terpene pools, because they
are almost completely absent from needle oleoresin and are the major products
of terpene synthase activity measured after MeJA treatment. Based on
precedents in other species, the induced emission of terpenes from Norway
spruce foliage may have ecological and physiological significance.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at
www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.021196.
1 This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council of Canada (funds to J.B.), by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation
and the BC Knowledge and Development Funds (funds to J.B.), by the Human
Sciences Frontier Program (funds to J.B.), by the Max Planck Society (funds to
J.G. and fellowship to D.M.), and by the University of British Columbia
(Walter C. Koerner Fellowship to D.M.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail
bohlmann{at}interchange.ubc.ca;
fax 604–822–2114.
Received January 29, 2003;
returned for revision February 17, 2003;
accepted March 25, 2003.
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