First published online June 19, 2003; 10.1104/pp.103.022475
Plant Physiology 132:1664-1677 (2003)
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION
Viviparous1 Alters Global Gene Expression Patterns through Regulation of Abscisic Acid Signaling1,[w]
Masaharu Suzuki*,
Matthew G. Ketterling,
Qin-Bao Li and
Donald R. McCarty
Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences
Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
Maize (Zea mays) Viviparous1 (VP1) and Arabidopsis ABI3 are
orthologous transcription factors that regulate key aspects of plant seed
development and ABA signaling. To understand VP1-regulated gene expression on
a global scale, we have performed oligomicroarray analysis of transgenic
Arabidopsis carrying 35S::VP1 in an abi3 null
mutant background. We have identified 353 VP1/ABA-regulated genes by GeneChip
analysis. Seventy-three percent of the genes were affected by both VP1 and ABA
in vegetative tissues, indicating a tight coupling between ABA signaling and
VP1 function. A large number of seed-specific genes were ectopically expressed
in vegetative tissue of 35S::VP1 plants consistent with evidence that VP1 and
ABI3 are key determinants of seed-specific expression. ABI5, a
positive regulator of ABA signaling, was activated by VP1, indicating
conservation of the feed-forward pathway mediated by ABI3. ABA induction of
ABI1 and ABI2, negative regulators of ABA signaling, was
strongly inhibited by VP1, revealing a second pathway of feed-forward
regulation. These results indicate that VP1 strongly modifies ABA signaling
through feed-forward regulation of ABI1/ABI5-related genes. Of the 32 bZIP
transcription factors represented on the GeneChip, genes in the ABI5 clade
were specifically coregulated by ABA and VP1. Statistical analysis of 5'
upstream sequences of the VP1/ABA-regulated genes identified consensus
abscisic responsive elements as an enriched element, indicating that many of
the genes could be direct targets of the ABI5-related bZIPs. The Sph element
is an enriched sequence motif in promoters of genes co-activated by ABA and
VP1 but not in promoters of genes activated by ABA alone. This analysis
reveals that distinct combinatorial patterns of promoter elements distinguish
subclasses of VP1/ABA coregulated genes.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at
www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.022475.
1 This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no.
0080175 to D.R.M.) and by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station (journal
series R-09523).
[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data. The supplemental
material is available at
http://www.plantphysiol.org.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail
msuzuki{at}mail.ifas.ufl.edu;
fax 352–392–5653.
Received February 21, 2003;
returned for revision March 27, 2003;
accepted April 21, 2003.
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