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GENETICS, GENOMICS, AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION

Overexpression of the Disease Resistance Gene Pto in Tomato Induces Gene Expression Changes Similar to Immune Responses in Human and Fruitfly^1,[w]

Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73402 (K.S.M.); Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (K.S.M., M.D.D., X.H., G.B.M.); and Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (G.B.M.)

The Pto gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that confers resistance in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strains that express the type III effector protein AvrPto. Constitutive overexpression of Pto in tomato, in the absence of AvrPto, activates defense responses and confers resistance to several diverse bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. We have used a series of gene discovery and expression profiling methods to examine the effect of Pto overexpression in tomato leaves. Analysis of the tomato expressed sequence tag database and suppression subtractive hybridization identified 600 genes that were potentially differentially expressed in Pto-overexpressing tomato plants compared with a sibling line lacking Pto. By using cDNA microarrays, we verified changes in expression of many of these genes at various time points after inoculation with P. syringae pv tomato (avrPto) of the resistant Pto-overexpressing line and the susceptible sibling line. The combination of these three approaches led to the identification of 223 POR (Pto overexpression responsive) genes. Strikingly, 40% of the genes induced in the Pto-overexpressing plants previously have been shown to be differentially expressed during the human (Homo sapiens) and/or fruitfly (Drosophila melanogaster) immune responses.

¹ This work was partly supported by Boyce Thompson Institute (innovation grant to K.S.M.), by the Noble Foundation (grants to K.S.M.), and by the National Science Foundation (Plant Genomics grant nos. IBN–9872617 and IBN–0109633 to G.B.M.).

^[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data. The supplemental material is available at http://www.plantphysiol.org.

² Present Address: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail ksmysore{at}noble.org; fax 580–224–6692.

Received February 26, 2003; returned for revision March 26, 2003; accepted May 3, 2003.

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