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Plant Physiology 132:1973-1981 (2003)
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists

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PLANTS INTERACTING WITH OTHER ORGANISMS

Induction of Hypersensitive Cell Death by Hydrogen Peroxide Produced through Polyamine Degradation in Tobacco Plants1

Hiroshi Yoda, Yube Yamaguchi and Hiroshi Sano*

Research and Education Center for Genetic Information, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630–0192, Japan

Screening immediate-early responding genes during the hypersensitive response (HR) against tobacco mosaic virus infection in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants, we identified a gene encoding ornithine decarboxylase. Subsequent analyses showed that other genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis were also up-regulated, resulting in the accumulation of polyamines in apoplasts of tobacco mosaic virus-infected leaves. Inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis, {alpha}-difluoromethyl-ornithine, however, suppressed accumulation of polyamines, and the rate of HR was reduced. In contrast, polyamine infiltration into a healthy leaf induced the generation of hydrogen peroxide and simultaneously caused HR-like cell death. Polyamine oxidase activity in the apoplast increased up to 3-fold that of the basal level during the HR, and its suppression with a specific inhibitor, guazatine, resulted in reduced HR. Because it is established that hydrogen peroxide is one of the degradation products of polyamines, these results indicate that one of the biochemical events in the HR is production of polyamines, whose degradation induces hydrogen peroxide, eventually resulting in hypersensitive cell death.


Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.024737.

1 This work was supported by the Research for the Future Program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. JSPS-RFTF00L01604).

* Corresponding author; e-mail sano{at}gtc.aist-nara.ac.jp; fax 81–743–72–5659.

Received April 2, 2003; returned for revision April 24, 2003; accepted May 9, 2003.




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