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First published online July 10, 2003; 10.1104/pp.103.021436

Plant Physiology 132:1998-2011 (2003)
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists

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DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION

Expression Profiling of Cytokinin Action in Arabidopsis1,[w]

Aaron M. Rashotte, Susan D.B. Carson, Jennifer P.C. To and Joseph J. Kieber*

University of North Carolina, Biology Department, CB Number 3280, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599–3280

The phytohormone cytokinin is an important regulator of plant growth and development; however, relatively few genes that mediate cytokinin responses have been identified. Genome-wide analyses of Arabidopsis seedlings using the approximately 8,300-element Affymetrix Arabidopsis GeneChips (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) to examine cytokinin-responsive genes were conducted, revealing at least 30 genes whose steady-state level of mRNA was elevated and at least 40 that were down-regulated at multiple time points after application of cytokinin. The cytokinin up-regulated genes include the type-A Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs), which had been shown previously to be cytokinin primary response genes, cytokinin oxidase, which encodes an enzyme that degrades cytokinins, and several transcription factors. Cytokinin down-regulated genes include several peroxidases and kinases and an E3 ubiquitin ligase. We identified a common sequence motif enriched in the upstream regions of the most consistently cytokinin up-regulated genes. This motif is highly similar to the optimal DNA-binding sites for ARR1/ARR2, type-B ARRs that have been implicated in the transcriptional elevation of the type-A ARRs. Additionally, genome-wide analyses of cytokinin receptor mutants (wol/cre1) revealed large-scale changes in gene expression, including down-regulation of the type-A ARRs and several meristem and cell cycle genes, such as CycD3. Mutations in CRE1 reduced but did not eliminate the effect of cytokinin on gene expression for a subset of cytokinin-responsive genes and had little or no effect on others, suggesting functional redundancy among the cytokinin receptors.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.021436.

1 This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (grant no. DBI–0077503) and by the National Institutes of Health (grant no. GM4421–01).

[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data. The supplemental material is available at http://www.plantphysiol.org.

* Corresponding author; e-mail jkieber{at}unc.edu; fax 919–962–1625.

Received February 4, 2003; returned for revision February 25, 2003; accepted May 12, 2003.




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