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First published online July 24, 2003; 10.1104/pp.103.023358

Plant Physiology 133:100-112 (2003)
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists

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CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

The ARG1-LIKE2 Gene of Arabidopsis Functions in a Gravity Signal Transduction Pathway That Is Genetically Distinct from the PGM Pathway1

Changhui Guan2,3, Elizabeth S. Rosen2,4, Kanokporn Boonsirichai2, Kenneth L. Poff5 and Patrick H. Masson*

Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, 445 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

The arl2 mutants of Arabidopsis display altered root and hypocotyl gravitropism, whereas their inflorescence stems are fully gravitropic. Interestingly, mutant roots respond like the wild type to phytohormones and an inhibitor of polar auxin transport. Also, their cap columella cells accumulate starch similarly to wild-type cells, and mutant hypocotyls display strong phototropic responses to lateral light stimulation. The ARL2 gene encodes a DnaJ-like protein similar to ARG1, another protein previously implicated in gravity signal transduction in Arabidopsis seedlings. ARL2 is expressed at low levels in all organs of seedlings and plants. arl2-1 arg1-2 double mutant roots display kinetics of gravitropism similar to those of single mutants. However, double mutants carrying both arl2-1 and pgm-1 (a mutation in the starch-biosynthetic gene PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE) at the homozygous state display a more pronounced root gravitropic defect than the single mutants. On the other hand, seedlings with a null mutation in ARL1, a paralog of ARG1 and ARL2, behave similarly to the wild type in gravitropism and other related assays. Taken together, the results suggest that ARG1 and ARL2 function in the same gravity signal transduction pathway in the hypocotyl and root of Arabidopsis seedlings, distinct from the pathway involving PGM.

1 This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (grant nos. MCB-9905675 and MCB-0240084), by the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (grant nos. NAG2-1336 and NAG2-1602 to P.H.M.), by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy/U.S. Department of Agriculture (Training Grant fellowship no. BIR 92-2033 to E.S.R.), and by the Thai Government (fellowship to K.B.). This is manuscript no. 3611 from the Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin (Madison).

2 These authors contributed equally to the paper.

3 Present address: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706.

4 Present address: Bio-Link North Central Regional Center, Madison Area Technical College, 3550 Anderson Street, Madison, WI 53706.

5 Present address: Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.

* Corresponding author; e-mail phmasson{at}wisc.edu; fax 608-262-2976.

Received March 11, 2003; returned for revision April 8, 2003; accepted May 22, 2003.




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