First published online August 7, 2003; 10.1104/pp.103.021089
Plant Physiology 133:231-242 (2003)
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
Three Genes That Affect Sugar Sensing (Abscisic Acid Insensitive 4, Abscisic Acid Insensitive 5, and Constitutive Triple Response 1) Are Differentially Regulated by Glucose in Arabidopsis1
Analilia Arroyo,
Flavia Bossi,
Ruth R. Finkelstein and
Patricia León*
Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001 Chamilpa. Apartado Postal 510-3 Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271 (A.A., F.B., P.L.); and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 (R.R.F.)
Mutant characterization has demonstrated that ABI4 (Abscisic Acid [ABA] Insensitive 4), ABI5 (ABA Insensitive 5), and CTR1 (Constitutive Triple Response 1) genes play an important role in the sugar signaling response in plants. The present study shows that the transcripts of these three genes are modulated by glucose (Glc) independently of the developmental arrest caused by high Glc concentrations. ABI4 and ABI5 transcripts accumulate in response to sugars, whereas the CTR1 transcript is transiently reduced followed by a rapid recovery. The results of our kinetic studies on gene expression indicate that ABI4, ABI5, and CTR1 are regulated by multiple signals including Glc, osmotic stress, and ABA. However, the differential expression profiles caused by these treatments suggest that distinct signaling pathways are used for each signal. ABI4 and ABI5 response to the Glc analog 2-deoxy-Glc supports this conclusion. Glc regulation of ABI4 and CTR1 transcripts is dependent on the developmental stage. Finally, the Glc-mediated regulation of ABI4 and ABI5 is affected in mutants displaying Glc-insensitive phenotypes such as gins, abas, abi4, abi5, and ctr1 but not in abi1-1, abi2-1, and abi3-1, which do not show a Glc-insensitive phenotype. The capacity of transcription factors, like the ones analyzed in this work, to be regulated by a variety of signals might contribute to the ability of plants to respond in a flexible and integral way to continuous changes in the internal and external environment.
1 This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnológia (grant no. 31791-N and fellowship to A.A.), by the Dirección General de Asuntos para el Personal Académico (grant no. IN210200), by Howard Hughes (grants), and by DGEP (fellow-ship to A.A.).
* Corresponding author; e-mail patricia{at}ibt.unam.mx; fax 52-73-139988.
Received January 28, 2003;
returned for revision March 28, 2003;
accepted June 3, 2003.
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