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GENOME ANALYSIS

Genome-Wide Characterization of the Lignification Toolbox in Arabidopsis^1,[w]

Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B–9052 Gent, Belgium

Lignin, one of the most abundant terrestrial biopolymers, is indispensable for plant structure and defense. With the availability of the full genome sequence, large collections of insertion mutants, and functional genomics tools, Arabidopsis constitutes an excellent model system to profoundly unravel the monolignol biosynthetic pathway. In a genome-wide bioinformatics survey of the Arabidopsis genome, 34 candidate genes were annotated that encode genes homologous to the 10 presently known enzymes of the monolignol biosynthesis pathway, nine of which have not been described before. By combining evolutionary analysis of these 10 gene families with in silico promoter analysis and expression data (from a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis on an extensive tissue panel, mining of expressed sequence tags from publicly available resources, and assembling expression data from literature), 12 genes could be pinpointed as the most likely candidates for a role in vascular lignification. Furthermore, a possible novel link was detected between the presence of the AC regulatory promoter element and the biosynthesis of G lignin during vascular development. Together, these data describe the full complement of monolignol biosynthesis genes in Arabidopsis, provide a unified nomenclature, and serve as a basis for further functional studies.

Note Added in Proof

During the review process, another study on lignification genes in Arabidopsis was published by Goujon et al. (Goujon T, Sibout R, Eudes A, MacKay J, Jouanin L (2003) Genes involved in the biosynthesis of lignin precursors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol Biochem 41: 677–687).

¹ This work was supported in part by the European Commission programs EDEN (grant no. QLK5–CT–2001–00443) and by the Fund for Scientific Research–Flanders (postdoctoral fellowship to A.R.).

^[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

² These authors contributed equally to the paper.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail wout.boerjan{at}psb.ugent.be; fax 32–9–331–3809.

Received May 6, 2003; returned for revision July 11, 2003; accepted August 18, 2003.

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