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GENETICS, GENOMICS, AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION

SAGE Analysis of Transcriptome Responses in Arabidopsis Roots Exposed to 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene¹

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D.R.E., W.W.L., A.E.P., J.F.D.D.) and Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources (W.W.L., J.F.D.D.), University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; and National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605 (N.L.W.)

Serial analysis of gene expression was used to profile transcript levels in Arabidopsis roots and assess their responses to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) exposure. SAGE libraries representing control and TNT-exposed seedling root transcripts were constructed, and each was sequenced to a depth of roughly 32,000 tags. More than 19,000 unique tags were identified overall. The second most highly induced tag (27-fold increase) represented a glutathione S-transferase. Cytochrome P450 enzymes, as well as an ABC transporter and a probable nitroreductase, were highly induced by TNT exposure. Analyses also revealed an oxidative stress response upon TNT exposure. Although some increases were anticipated in light of current models for xenobiotic metabolism in plants, evidence for unsuspected conjugation pathways was also noted. Identifying transcriptome-level responses to TNT exposure will better define the metabolic pathways plants use to detoxify this xenobiotic compound, which should help improve phytoremediation strategies directed at TNT and other nitroaromatic compounds.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.028019.

¹ This work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (National Network for Environmental Management Studies Fellowship U–91587201–0 to D.R.E.),

^* Corresponding author; e-mail jeffdean{at}uga.edu; fax 706–583–0881.

Received June 3, 2003; returned for revision July 14, 2003; accepted August 9, 2003.

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