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EARLY FLOWERING 4 Functions in Phytochrome B-Regulated Seedling De-Etiolation¹

Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; and United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service-Plant Gene Expression Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710

To define the functions of genes previously identified by expression profiling as being rapidly light induced under phytochrome (phy) control, we are investigating the seedling de-etiolation phenotypes of mutants carrying T-DNA insertional disruptions at these loci. Mutants at one such locus displayed reduced responsiveness to continuous red, but not continuous far-red light, suggesting a role in phyB signaling but not phyA signaling. Consistent with such a role, expression of this gene is induced by continuous red light in wild-type seedlings, but the level of induction is strongly reduced in phyB-null mutants. The locus encodes a novel protein that we show localizes to the nucleus, thus suggesting a function in light-regulated gene expression. Recently, this locus was identified as EARLY FLOWERING 4, a gene implicated in floral induction and regulating the expression of the gene CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1. Together with these previous data, our findings suggest that EARLY FLOWERING 4 functions as a signaling intermediate in phy-regulated gene expression involved in promotion of seedling de-etiolation, circadian clock function, and photoperiod perception.

¹ This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant no. GM47475), by the Department of Energy (grant no. DE–FGO3–87ER13742), by the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System (CRIS; grant no. 5335–2100–017–00D), and by the Torrey Mesa Research Institute (San Diego).

^* Corresponding author; e-mail quail{at}nature.berkeley.edu; fax 510–559–5678.

Received July 9, 2003; returned for revision August 4, 2003; accepted September 10, 2003.

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