First published online November 6, 2003; 10.1104/pp.103.030882
Plant Physiology 133:1643-1653 (2003)
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
CYP72B1 Inactivates Brassinosteroid Hormones: An Intersection between Photomorphogenesis and Plant Steroid Signal Transduction1
Edward M. Turk,
Shozo Fujioka,
Hideharu Seto,
Yukihisa Shimada,
Suguru Takatsuto,
Shigeo Yoshida,
Megan A. Denzel,
Quetzal I. Torres and
Michael M. Neff*
Department of Biology, Washington University, Campus Box 1137, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 (E.M.T., M.A.D., Q.I.T., M.M.N.); RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako-shi, Saitama 351–0198, Japan (S.F., H.S., Y.S., S.Y.); and Department of Chemistry, Joetsu University of Education, Joetsu-shi, Niigata 943–8512, Japan (S.T.)
Active brassinosteroids, such as brassinolide (BL) and castasterone, are growth promoting plant hormones. An Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 monooxygenase encoded by CYP72B1 has been implicated in brassinosteroid catabolism as well as photomorphogenesis. We expressed CYP72B1 in yeast, coupled with brassinosteroid feeding, and established the biochemical function to be the hydroxylation of BL and castasterone, to give 26-hydroxybrassinolide and 26-hydroxycastasterone, respectively. Brassinosteroid feeding experiments with wild-type Arabidopsis, a CYP72B1 null mutant, and a CYP72B1 overexpression line demonstrated that carbon 26 hydroxylation of active brassinosteroids is an endogenous function of CYP72B1. Seedling growth assays demonstrated that 26-hydroxybrassinolide is an inactive brassinosteroid. Genetic and physiological analysis of the hypocotyl response to exogenous BL and varying intensities of white and monochromatic light suggested that CYP72B1 modulates photomorphogenesis primarily through far-red light and to a lesser extent through blue- and red-light pathways. CYP72B1 transcript accumulation in dark-grown seedlings was organ specific and down-regulated after 1 h of illumination in dim white, red, and blue light, but not far-red light. CYP72B1 translational fusions with the  -glucuronidase reporter gene demonstrated that protein levels increased in the hypocotyl elongation zone when shifted from the dark to far-red light, but not blue or red light. We propose a model in which Arabidopsis seedling development switches from dark-grown development (skotomorphogenesis) to light-grown development (photomorphogenesis) in part by rapid modulation of brassinosteroid sensitivity and levels. CYP72B1 provides an intersection between the light and brassinosteroid pathways mainly by far-red-light-dependent modulation of brassinosteroid levels.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.030882.
1 This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. 0114726 to M.M.N.). Q.I.T. and M.A.D. were supported in part by the National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates (grant no. 0114726). Q.I.T. was supported in part by a WU/HHMI Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship funded by an Undergraduate Biological Sciences Education Program grant from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute to Washington University. A research prize to E.M.T., from the Jean Lowenhaupt Botany Fund, defrayed publication costs.
* Corresponding author; e-mail mneff{at}biology2.wustl.edu; fax 314–935–4432.
Received July 24, 2003;
returned for revision August 28, 2003;
accepted September 15, 2003.
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