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BIOENERGETICS AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Phosphorylated Non-Phosphorylating Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Heterotrophic Cells of Wheat Interacts with 14-3-3 Proteins¹

Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús), Camino Circunvalación Laguna km 6, CC 164, B7130IWA Chascomús, Argentina (D.M.B.); and Grupo Enzimología Molecular, Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Paraje "El Pozo" CC 242, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina (A.A.I.)

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases catalyze key steps in energy and reducing power partitioning in cells of higher plants. Phosphorylated non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) present in heterotrophic cells of wheat (Triticum aestivum) was activated up to 3-fold by MgCl₂. The effect was not observed with the non-phosphorylated enzyme found in leaves. The divalent cation also affected the response of the enzyme from endosperm and shoots to adenine nucleotides and inorganic pyrophosphate. Gel filtration chromatography, co-immunoprecipitation followed by immunostaining, and the use of a phosphopeptide containing a canonical binding motif showed that MgCl₂ actually disrupted the interaction between GAPN and a 14-3-3 regulatory protein. After interaction with 14-3-3, phosphorylated GAPN exhibits a 3-fold lower V_max and higher sensitivity to inhibition by ATP and pyrophosphate. Results suggest that GAPN is a target for regulation by phosphorylation, levels of divalent cations, and 14-3-3 proteins. The regulatory mechanism could be critical to maintain levels of energy and reductants in the cytoplasm of heterotrophic plant cells.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.030981.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail iglesias{at}criba.edu.ar; fax 54-342-4575216.

Received July 26, 2003; returned for revision August 27, 2003; accepted September 12, 2003.

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