First published online January 15, 2004; 10.1104/pp.103.030635
Plant Physiology 134:625-639 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists
CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
Identification of the Protein Storage Vacuole and Protein Targeting to the Vacuole in Leaf Cells of Three Plant Species1
Misoon Park,
Soo Jin Kim,
Alessandro Vitale and
Inhwan Hwang*
Center for Plant Intracellular Trafficking (M.P., S.J.K., I.H.) and Division of Molecular and Life Sciences (M.P., I.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790–784, Korea; and Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy (A.S.)
Protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) are specialized vacuoles devoted to the accumulation of large amounts of protein in the storage tissues of plants. In this study, we investigated the presence of the storage vacuole and protein trafficking to the compartment in cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and Arabidopsis leaf tissue. When we expressed phaseolin, the major storage protein of common bean, or an epitope-tagged version of  -tonoplast intrinsic protein (-TIP, a tonoplast aquaporin of PSV), in protoplasts derived from leaf tissues, these proteins were targeted to a compartment ranging in size from 2 to 5 µm in all three plant species. Most Arabidopsis leaf cells have one of these organelles. In contrast, from one to five these organelles occurred in bean and tobacco leaf cells. Also, endogenous -TIP is localized in a similar compartment in untransformed leaf cells of common bean and is colocalized with transiently expressed epitope-tagged -TIP. In Arabidopsis, phaseolin contained N-glycans modified by Golgi enzymes and its traffic was sensitive to brefeldin A. However, trafficking of -TIP was insensitive to brefeldin A treatment and was not affected by the dominant-negative mutant of AtRab1. In addition, a modified -TIP with an insertion of an N-glycosylation site has the endoplasmic reticulum-type glycans. Finally, the early step of phaseolin traffic, from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex, required the activity of the small GTPase Sar1p, a key component of coat protein complex II-coated vesicles, independent of the presence of the vacuolar sorting signal in phaseolin. Based on these results, we propose that the proteins we analyzed are targeted to the PSV or equivalent organelle in leaf cells and that proteins can be transported to the PSV by two different pathways, the Golgi-dependent and Golgi-independent pathways, depending on the individual cargo proteins.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.030635.
1 This work was supported by the Creative Research Initiative Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology (Korea; grant no. M10116000005–02F0000–00310).
* Corresponding author; e-mail ihhwang{at}postech.ac.kr; fax 82–54–279–8159.
Received July 22, 2003;
returned for revision October 8, 2003;
accepted November 4, 2003.
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