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First published online January 15, 2004; 10.1104/pp.103.032656 Plant Physiology 134:640-648 (2004) © 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists Arabidopsis Type B Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Synthase Genes Are Expressed during Pollen Tube Growth and Induced by Phosphate Starvation1Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226–8501, Japan
The galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) constitute the major glycolipids of the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts. In Arabidopsis, the formation of MGDG is catalyzed by a family of three MGDG synthases, which are encoded by two types of genes, namely type A (atMGD1) and type B (atMGD2 and atMGD3). Although the roles of the type A enzyme have been intensively investigated in several plants, little is known about the contribution of type B enzymes to MGDG synthesis in planta. From our previous analyses, unique expression profiles of the three MGDG synthase genes were revealed in various organs and developmental stages. To characterize the expression profiles in more detail, we performed histochemical analysis of these genes using
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.032656. 1 This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Culture of Japan (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas no. 15380049). 2 These authors contributed equally to the paper. 3 Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824–1319. * Corresponding author; e-mail hohta{at}bio.titech.ac.jp; fax 81–45–924–5823. Received September 1, 2003; returned for revision October 29, 2003; accepted November 7, 2003. This article has been cited by other articles:
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-glucuronidase (GUS) assays in Arabidopsis. The expression of atMGD1::GUS was detected highly in all green tissues, whereas the expression of atMGD2::GUS and atMGD3::GUS was observed only in restricted parts, such as leaf tips. In addition, intense staining was detected in pollen grains of all transformants. We also detected GUS activity in the pollen tubes of atMGD2::GUS and atMGD3::GUS transformants grown in wild-type stigmas but not in atMGD1::GUS, suggesting that type B MGDG synthases may have roles during pollen germination and pollen tube growth. GUS analysis also revealed that expression of atMGD2 and atMGD3, but not atMGD1, are strongly induced during phosphate starvation, particularly in roots. Because only DGDG accumulates in roots during phosphate deprivation, type B MGDG synthases may be acting primarily to supply MGDG as a precursor for DGDG synthesis. 
