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Adenylate Gradients and Ar:O₂ Effects on Legume Nodules: I. Mathematical Models¹

Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6 (H.W., D.B.L.); and Botany, School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6907, Australia (C.A.A.)

Mathematical models were developed to test the likelihood that large cytosolic adenylate concentration gradients exist across the bacteria-infected cells of legume nodules. Previous studies hypothesized that this may be the case to account for the unusually low adenylate energy charge (AEC; 0.65) measured in the plant fraction of metabolically active nodules (M.M. Kuzma, H. Winter, P. Storer, I. Oresnik, C.A. Atkins, D.B. Layzell [1999] Plant Physiol 119: 399–407). Simulations coupled leghemoglobin-facilitated O₂ diffusion into the infected cell, through bacteroid nitrogenase activity, with the ATP demand for transport and ammonia assimilation in the plant fraction of ureide- and amide-producing nodules. Although large cytosolic adenylate gradients were predicted to exist in both nodule types, amide nodules were predicted to have steeper AEC gradients (0.82–0.52) than ureide nodules (0.82–0.61). The differences were attributed to an additional ATP demand for Asn synthesis in the amide nodule. Simulations for nodules transferred to an Ar:O₂ atmosphere predicted a major reduction in the magnitude of adenylate gradients and an increase in the AEC of the plant fraction. Results were consistent with a number of experimental studies and were used to propose an experimental test of the models.

¹ This work was supported by the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grants to D.B.L.).

^* Corresponding author; e-mail layzelld{at}biology.queensu.ca; fax 613–533–6617.

Received September 1, 2003; returned for revision September 26, 2003; accepted November 10, 2003.

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