Plant Physiology 134:1100-1112 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists
CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
Production of Reactive Oxygen Species, Alteration of Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase, and Impairment of Mitochondrial Metabolism Are Early Events in Heat Shock-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Tobacco Bright-Yellow 2 Cells1
Rosa Anna Vacca2,
Maria Concetta de Pinto2,
Daniela Valenti,
Salvatore Passarella,
Ersilia Marra* and
Laura De Gara
Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 165/A, I70126 Bari, Italy (R.A.V., D.V., E.M.); Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Vegetale, Via Orabona 4, I70125 Bari, Italy (M.C.d.P., L.D.G.); Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell'Ambiente, Università del Molise, Via De Sanctis, I86100 Campobasso, Italy (S.P.); and Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerche Biomediche, Università Campus Biomedico, Via Longoni 83, I00155 Roma, Italy (L.D.G.)
To gain some insight into the mechanisms by which plant cells die as a result of abiotic stress, we exposed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells to heat shock and investigated cell survival as a function of time after heat shock induction. Heat treatment at 55°C triggered processes leading to programmed cell death (PCD) that was complete after 72 h. In the early phase, cells undergoing PCD showed an immediate burst in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2·-) anion production. Consistently, death was prevented by the antioxidants ascorbate (ASC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Actinomycin D and cycloheximide, inhibitors of transcription and translation, respectively, also prevented cell death, but with a lower efficiency. Induction of PCD resulted in gradual oxidation of endogenous ASC; this was accompanied by a decrease in both the amount and the specific activity of the cytosolic ASC peroxidase (cAPX). A reduction in cAPX gene expression was also found in the late PCD phase. Moreover, changes of cAPX kinetic properties were found in PCD cells. Production of ROS in PCD cells was accompanied by early inhibition of glucose (Glc) oxidation, with a strong impairment of mitochondrial function as shown by an increase in cellular NAD(P)H fluorescence, and by failure of mitochondria isolated from cells undergoing PCD to generate membrane potential and to oxidize succinate in a manner controlled by ADP. Thus, we propose that in the early phase of tobacco Bright-Yellow 2 cell PCD, ROS production occurs, perhaps because of damage of the cell antioxidant system, with impairment of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.035956.
1 This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Instruction, University, and Research (MIVR) and by the Programmi di Ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale ("Bioenergetica: Aspetti Genetici, Biochimici e Fisiologici" to S.P. and "Specie Reattive Dell'Ossigeno e Sistemi Antiossidanti Nella Morte Cellulare Programmata e Nell'Interazione Pianta-Patogeno" to L.D.G.).
2 These authors contributed equally to the paper.
* Corresponding author; e-mail e014em01{at}area.ba.cnr.it; fax 390805443317.
Received November 7, 2003;
returned for revision December 9, 2003;
accepted December 16, 2003.
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