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DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION

An Overview of Gibberellin Metabolism Enzyme Genes and Their Related Mutants in Rice^1,[w]

Field Production Science Center, University of Tokyo, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 188–0002, Japan (T.S.); Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464–8601, Japan (K.M., H.I., T.T., M.U.-T., H.K., M.A., M.M.); BioResource Center, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0074, Japan (K.I., M.K.); and Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8602, Japan (G.K.A., S.T., K.A., A.M., H.H.)

To enhance our understanding of GA metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa), we intensively screened and identified 29 candidate genes encoding the following GA metabolic enzymes using all available rice DNA databases: ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS), ent-kaurene synthase (KS), ent-kaurene oxidase (KO), ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO), GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox), GA 3-oxidase (GA3ox), and GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox). In contrast to the Arabidopsis genome, multiple CPS-like, KS-like, and KO-like genes were identified in the rice genome, most of which are contiguously arranged. We also identified 18 GA-deficient rice mutants at six different loci from rice mutant collections. Based on the mutant and expression analyses, we demonstrated that the enzymes catalyzing the early steps in the GA biosynthetic pathway (i.e. CPS, KS, KO, and KAO) are mainly encoded by single genes, while those for later steps (i.e. GA20ox, GA3ox, and GA2ox) are encoded by gene families. The remaining CPS-like, KS-like, and KO-like genes were likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of diterpene phytoalexins rather than GAs because the expression of two CPS-like and three KS-like genes (OsCPS2, OsCPS4, OsKS4, OsKS7, and OsKS8) were increased by UV irradiation, and four of these genes (OsCPS2, OsCPS4, OsKS4, and OsKS7) were also induced by an elicitor treatment.

^[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.033696.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail makoto{at}nuagr1.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp; fax 81–52–789–5226.

Received September 22, 2003; returned for revision December 23, 2003; accepted January 9, 2004.