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First published online June 4, 2004; 10.1104/pp.103.037739

Plant Physiology 135:1027-1039 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

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ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION

A Novel Family of Cys-Rich Membrane Proteins Mediates Cadmium Resistance in Arabidopsis1

Won-Yong Song, Enrico Martinoia, Joohyun Lee, Dongwoo Kim, Do-Young Kim, Esther Vogt, Donghwan Shim, Kwan Sam Choi, Inhwan Hwang and Youngsook Lee*

National Research Laboratory of Phytoremediation, Division of Molecular Life Science (W.-Y.S., E.M., J.L., D.K., D.-Y.K., D.S.) and Center for Plant Intracellular Trafficking (I.H.), POSTECH, Pohang, 790–784, Korea; Division of Applied Biology and Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (W.-Y.S., K.S.C.) and Institute of Biotechnology (W.-Y.S., K.S.C.), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305–764, Korea; and Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Universität Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (E.M., E.V.)

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread pollutant that is toxic to plant growth. However, only a few genes that contribute to Cd resistance in plants have been identified. To identify additional Cd(II) resistance genes, we screened an Arabidopsis cDNA library using a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) expression system employing the Cd(II)-sensitive yeast mutant ycf1. This screening process yielded a small Cys-rich membrane protein (Arabidopsis plant cadmium resistance, AtPcrs). Database searches revealed that there are nine close homologs in Arabidopsis. Homologs were also found in other plants. Four of the five homologs that were tested also increased resistance to Cd(II) when expressed in ycf1. AtPcr1 localizes at the plasma membrane in both yeast and Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtPcr1 exhibited increased Cd(II) resistance, whereas antisense plants that showed reduced AtPcr1 expression were more sensitive to Cd(II). AtPcr1 overexpression reduced Cd uptake by yeast cells and also reduced the Cd contents of both yeast and Arabidopsis protoplasts treated with Cd. Thus, it appears that the Pcr family members may play an important role in the Cd resistance of plants.

1 This work was supported by grants awarded from POSCO and the National Research Laboratory program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea (to Y.L.), from the Bundesamt fuer Bildung und Wissenschaft (BBW C99060 and BBW00.0413/EU proposal Metallophytes, QLRT–2001–02894 to E.M.), and from the Creative Research Initiative Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea (M10116000005–02F0000–00310 to I.H.).

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.037739.

* Corresponding author; e-mail ylee{at}postech.ac.kr; fax 82–54–279–2199.

Received December 15, 2003; returned for revision February 13, 2004; accepted February 19, 2004.




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