Plant Physiol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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First published online June 4, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.038992

Plant Physiology 135:907-915 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

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CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

GCR1 Can Act Independently of Heterotrimeric G-Protein in Response to Brassinosteroids and Gibberellins in Arabidopsis Seed Germination1,[w]

Jin-Gui Chen2, Sona Pandey2, Jirong Huang, José M. Alonso3, Joseph R. Ecker, Sarah M. Assmann and Alan M. Jones*

Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599–3280 (J.-G.C., J.H., A.M.J.); Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802–5301 (S.P., S.M.A.); and Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037–1099 (J.M.A., J.R.E.)

Signal recognition by seven-transmembrane (7TM) cell-surface receptors is typically coupled by heterotrimeric G-proteins to downstream effectors in metazoan, fungal, and amoeboid cells. Some responses perceived by 7TM receptors in amoeboid cells and possibly in human cells can initiate downstream action independently of heterotrimeric G-proteins. Plants use heterotrimeric G-protein signaling in the regulation of growth and development, particularly in hormonal control of seed germination, but it is not yet clear which of these responses utilize a 7TM receptor. Arabidopsis GCR1 has a predicted 7TM-spanning domain and other features characteristic of 7TM receptors. Loss-of-function gcr1 mutants indicate that GCR1 plays a positive role in gibberellin- (GA) and brassinosteroid- (BR) regulated seed germination. The null mutants of GCR1 are less sensitive to GA and BR in seed germination. This phenotype is similar to that previously observed for transcript null mutants in the G{alpha}-subunit, gpa1. However, the reduced sensitivities toward GA and BR in the single gcr1, gpa1, and agb1 (heterotrimeric G-protein {beta}-subunit) mutants are additive or synergistic in the double and triple mutants. Thus, GCR1, unlike a typical 7TM receptor, apparently acts independently of the heterotrimeric G-protein in at least some aspects of seed germination, suggesting that this alternative mode of 7TM receptor action also functions in the plant kingdom.

1 This work was supported by the NIGMS (grant no. GM65989–01 to A.M.J.) and by the NSF (grant no. MCB–0209711 to A.M.J.; grant no. MCB–0209694 to S.M.A.; grant no. 0115103 to J.R.E.).

2 These authors contributed equally to the paper.

3 Present address: Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695–7614.

[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.038992.

* Corresponding author; e-mail alan_jones{at}unc.edu; fax 919–962–1625.

Received January 12, 2004; returned for revision March 8, 2004; accepted March 8, 2004.


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