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CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

Intracellular Localization of Arabidopsis Sulfurtransferases¹

Institute for Botany (M.B., J.P.) and Institute for Plant Diseases and Plant Protection (C.D.), University of Hannover, D–30419 Hannover, Germany; Institute for Plant Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, D–38106, Braunschweig, Germany (K.N.); and Laboratory of Ultrastructures, INTA University of Chile, 5540 Macul Santiago, Chile (W.D.S.)

Sulfurtransferases (Str) comprise a group of enzymes widely distributed in archaea, eubacteria, and eukaryota which catalyze the transfer of a sulfur atom from suitable sulfur donors to nucleophilic sulfur acceptors. In all organisms analyzed to date, small gene families encoding Str proteins have been identified. The gene products were localized to different compartments of the cells. Our interest concerns the localization of Str proteins encoded in the nuclear genome of Arabidopsis. Computer-based prediction methods revealed localization in different compartments of the cell for six putative AtStrs. Several methods were used to determine the localization of the AtStr proteins experimentally. For AtStr1, a mitochondrial localization was demonstrated by immunodetection in the proteome of isolated mitochondria resolved by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and subsequent blotting. The respective mature AtStr1 protein was identified by mass spectrometry sequencing. The same result was obtained by transient expression of fusion constructs with the green fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis protoplasts, whereas AtStr2 was exclusively localized to the cytoplasm by this method. Three members of the single-domain AtStr were localized in the chloroplasts as demonstrated by transient expression of green fluorescent protein fusions in protoplasts and stomata, whereas the single-domain AtStr18 was shown to be cytoplasmic. The remarkable subcellular distribution of AtStr15 was additionally analyzed by transmission electron immunomicroscopy using a monospecific antibody against green fluorescent protein, indicating an attachment to the thylakoid membrane. The knowledge of the intracellular localization of the members of this multiprotein family will help elucidate their specific functions in the organism.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.040121.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail jutta.papenbrock{at}botanik.uni-hannover.de; fax 49–511–762–3992.

Received January 31, 2004; returned for revision March 16, 2004; accepted March 16, 2004.

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