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First published online July 2, 2004; 10.1104/pp.103.036178

Plant Physiology 135:1540-1551 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

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DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION

Isolation and Characterization of a TERMINAL FLOWER Homolog and Its Correlation with Juvenility in Citrus

Lynn Jo Pillitteri, Carol J. Lovatt and Linda L. Walling*

Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology (CEPCEB), University of California, Riverside, California 92521–0124

TERMINAL FLOWER is a key regulator of floral timing in Arabidopsis and other herbaceous species. A homolog of this gene, CsTFL, was isolated from the hybrid perennial tree crop Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). The deduced amino acid sequence of CsTFL was 65% identical to the Arabidopsis TFL1 protein. Wild-type Arabidopsis plants ectopically expressing CsTFL showed late-flowering phenotypes similar to those described for overexpression of Arabidopsis TFL1. In addition, the 35S:CsTFL transgene complemented the tfl1-2 mutant. The severity of the overexpression phenotypes correlated with the amount of CsTFL transcript that accumulated. Unlike many model systems that have been studied, C. sinensis maintains two distinguishable CsTFL alleles. CsTFL transcripts from either allele were not detected in adult vegetative tissues using reverse transcription-PCR, but CsTFL RNAs were detected in all floral organs. In addition, real-time PCR determined that juvenility in citrus was positively correlated with CsTFL transcript accumulation and negatively correlated with the floral-regulatory genes, LEAFY and APETALA1, RNA levels.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.036178.

* Corresponding author; e-mail lwalling{at}citrus.ucr.edu; fax 909–787–4437.

Received November 14, 2003; returned for revision February 27, 2004; accepted February 28, 2004.




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