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WHOLE PLANT AND ECOPHYSIOLOGY

Root-Gel Interactions and the Root Waving Behavior of Arabidopsis^1,[w]

Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138

Arabidopsis roots grown on inclined agarose gels exhibit a sinusoidal growth pattern known as root waving. While root waving has been attributed to both intrinsic factors (e.g. circumnutation) and growth responses to external signals such as gravity, the potential for physical interactions between the root and its substrate to influence the development of this complex phenotype has been generally ignored. Using a rotating stage microscope and time-lapse digital imaging, we show that (1) root tip mobility is impeded by the gel surface, (2) this impedance causes root tip deflections by amplifying curvature in the elongation zone in a way that is distinctly nontropic, and (3) root tip impedance is augmented by normal gravitropic pressure applied by the root tip against the gel surface. Thus, both lateral corrective bending near the root apex and root tip impedance could be due to different vector components of the same graviresponse. Furthermore, we speculate that coupling between root twisting and bending is a mechanical effect resulting from root tip impedance.

² Present address: Agronomy Department, University of Kentucky, Plant Sciences Building Room 343, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40546–0312; matthew.thompson{at}uky.edu.

^[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.040881.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail matthew.thompson{at}uky.edu; fax 859–257–7125.

Received February 11, 2004; returned for revision May 19, 2004; accepted May 20, 2004.

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