First published online August 6, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.039891
Plant Physiology 135:1928-1938 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists
High Genetic Variability of Herbivore-Induced Volatile Emission within a Broad Range of Maize Inbred Lines1
Thomas Degen2,*,
Christine Dillmann,
Frédéric Marion-Poll and
Ted C.J. Turlings
Unité de Phytopharmacie et Médiateurs Chimiques, INRA Versailles, F–78026 Versailles Cedex, France (T.D., F.M.-P.); Station de Génétique Végétale, INRA Ferme du Moulon, F–91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (C.D.); and Institut de Zoologie, Université de Neuchâtel, CH–2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland (T.C.J.T.)
Maize plants (Zea mays) attacked by caterpillars release a mixture of odorous compounds that attract parasitic wasps, natural enemies of the herbivores. We assessed the genetic variability of these induced volatile emissions among 31 maize inbred lines representing a broad range of genetic diversity used by breeders in Europe and North America. Odors were collected from young plants that had been induced by injecting them with caterpillar regurgitant. Significant variation among lines was found for all 23 volatile compounds included in the analysis: the lines differed enormously in the total amount of volatiles emitted and showed highly variable odor profiles distinctive of each genotype. Principal component analysis performed on the relative quantities of particular compounds within the blend revealed clusters of highly correlated volatiles, which may share common metabolic pathways. European and American lines belonging to established heterotic groups were loosely separated from each other, with the most clear-cut difference in the typical release of (E)- -caryophyllene by European lines. There was no correlation between the distances among the lines based on their odor profiles and their respective genetic distances previously assessed by neutral RFLP markers. This most comprehensive study to date on intraspecific variation in induced odor emission by maize plants provides a further example of the remarkably high genetic diversity conserved within this important crop plant. A better understanding of the genetic control of induced odor emissions may help in the development of maize varieties particularly attractive to parasitoids and other biological control agents and perhaps more repellent for herbivores.
1 This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 823A–053427), by the Roche Research Foundation, and by the Institut National d'Agriculture Paris-Grignon (INA P-G).
2 Present address: Agroscope RAC Changins, Swiss Federal Agricultural Research Station Changins, Route de Duillier, CH–1260 Nyon, Switzerland.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.039891.
* Corresponding author; e-mail thomas.degen{at}rac.admin.ch; fax 41–22–362–13–25.
Received January 31, 2004;
returned for revision April 29, 2004;
accepted May 14, 2004.
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