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First published online August 13, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.042929

Plant Physiology 135:1976-1983 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

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Herbivore-Induced Defense Response in a Model Legume. Two-Spotted Spider Mites Induce Emission of (E)-{beta}-Ocimene and Transcript Accumulation of (E)-{beta}-Ocimene Synthase in Lotus japonicus1

Gen-ichiro Arimura2,3,*, Rika Ozawa2, Soichi Kugimiya, Junji Takabayashi and Jörg Bohlmann

Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, and Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada (G.A., J.B.); Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu 520–2113, Japan (R.O., S.K., J.T.); and CREST of Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332–0012, Japan (R.O., J.T.)

Indirect defense of plants against herbivores often involves the induced emission of volatile infochemicals including terpenoids that attract natural enemies of the herbivores. We report the isolation and characterization of a terpene synthase cDNA (LjE{beta}OS) from a model legume, Lotus japonicus. Recombinant LjE{beta}OS enzyme produced (E)-{beta}-ocimene (98%) and its Z-isomer (2%). Transcripts of LjE{beta}OS were induced in L. japonicus plants infested with two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae), coinciding with increasing emissions of (E)-{beta}-ocimene as well as other volatiles, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, by the infested plants. We suggest that LjE{beta}OS is involved in the herbivore-induced indirect defense response of spider mite-infested L. japonicus via de novo formation and emission (E)-{beta}-ocimene. Mechanical wounding of the leaves or application of alamethicin (ALA), a potent fungal elicitor of plant volatile emission, also induced transiently increased levels of LjE{beta}OS transcripts in L. japonicus. However, wounding or ALA did not result in elevated release of (E)-{beta}-ocimene. Differences in volatile emissions after herbivory, mechanical wounding, or treatment with ALA suggest that neither a single mechanical wounding event nor ALA simulate the effect of herbivore activity and indicate that herbivore-induced emission of (E)-{beta}-ocimene in L. japonicus involves control mechanisms in addition to up-regulation of LjE{beta}OS transcripts.

1 This work was supported by the program for Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) of the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (grant to J.T.), by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (fellowship to G.A.), and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada (grant to J.B.).

2 These authors contributed equally to the paper.

3 Present address: Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D–07745 Jena, Germany.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.042929.

* Corresponding author; e-mail garimura{at}ice.mpg.de; fax 0049–3641–571202.

Received March 31, 2004; returned for revision June 4, 2004; accepted June 4, 2004.




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