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First published online July 30, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.041301

Plant Physiology 135:2068-2077 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

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BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES

Phosphorylation of Transitory Starch Is Increased during Degradation1,[w]

Gerhard Ritte*, Anke Scharf, Nora Eckermann, Sophie Haebel and Martin Steup

Plant Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology (G.R., A.S., N.E., M.S.), and Center for Biopolymers (S.H.), University of Potsdam, D–14476 Golm, Germany

The starch excess phenotype of Arabidopsis mutants defective in the starch phosphorylating enzyme glucan, water dikinase (EC 2.7.9.4) indicates that phosphorylation of starch is required for its degradation. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, two in vivo systems have been established that allow the analysis of phosphorylation of transitory starch during both biosynthesis in the light and degradation in darkness. First, a photoautotrophic culture of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was used to monitor the incorporation of exogenously supplied 32P orthophosphate into starch. Illuminated cells incorporated 32P into starch with a constant rate during 2 h. By contrast, starch phosphorylation in darkened cells exceeded that in illuminated cells within the first 30 min, but subsequently phosphate incorporation declined. Pulse-chase experiments performed with 32P/31P orthophosphate revealed a high turnover of the starch-bound phosphate esters in darkened cells but no detectable turnover in illuminated cells. Secondly, leaf starch granules were isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants grown under controlled conditions and glucan chains from the outer granule layer were released by isoamylase. Phosphorylated chains were purified and analyzed using high performance anion-exchange chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Glucans released from the surface of starch granules that had been isolated from darkened leaves possessed a considerably higher degree of phosphorylation than those prepared from leaves harvested during the light period. Thus, in the unicellular alga as well as in potato leaves, net starch degradation is accompanied with an increased phosphorylation of starch.

1 This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant nos. SFB–429–TP–B2 to M.S. and TP–B7 to G.R.).

[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.041301.

* Corresponding author; e-mail ritte{at}rz.uni-potsdam.de; fax 49–331–977–2512.

Received February 20, 2004; returned for revision May 5, 2004; accepted May 17, 2004.




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