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First published online September 3, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.044347

Plant Physiology 136:2687-2699 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

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BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES

Diurnal Changes in the Transcriptome Encoding Enzymes of Starch Metabolism Provide Evidence for Both Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of Starch Metabolism in Arabidopsis Leaves1

Steven M. Smith*, Daniel C. Fulton, Tansy Chia, David Thorneycroft, Andrew Chapple, Hannah Dunstan, Christopher Hylton, Samuel C. Zeeman and Alison M. Smith

Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, United Kingdom (S.M.S., D.C.F., D.T., H.D.); Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (T.C., A.C., C.H., A.M.S.); and Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, CH–3013 Bern, Switzerland (S.C.Z.)

To gain insight into the synthesis and functions of enzymes of starch metabolism in leaves of Arabidopsis L. Heynth, Affymetrix microarrays were used to analyze the transcriptome throughout the diurnal cycle. Under the conditions employed, transitory leaf starch is degraded progressively during a 12-h dark period, and then accumulates during the following 12-h light period. Transcripts encoding enzymes of starch synthesis changed relatively little in amount over 24 h except for two starch synthases, granule bound starch synthase and starch synthase II, which increased appreciably during the transition from dark to light. The increase in RNA encoding granule-bound starch synthase may reflect the extensive destruction of starch granules in the dark. Transcripts encoding several enzymes putatively involved in starch breakdown showed a coordinated decline in the dark followed by rapid accumulation in the light. Despite marked changes in their transcript levels, the amounts of some enzymes of starch metabolism do not change appreciably through the diurnal cycle. Posttranscriptional regulation is essential in the maintenance of amounts of enzymes and the control of their activities in vivo. Even though the relationships between transcript levels, enzyme activity, and diurnal metabolism of starch metabolism are complex, the presence of some distinctive diurnal patterns of transcripts for enzymes known to be involved in starch metabolism facilitates the identification of other proteins that may participate in this process.

1 This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Council (BBSRC) of the United Kingdom (research grant nos. D11089 and D11090 to A.M.S. and S.M.S.), and by the National Centre of Competence in Research (Plant Survival), National Science Foundation, Switzerland (S.C.Z.). The John Innes Centre is supported by a core strategic grant from the BBSRC.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.044347.

* Corresponding author; e-mail s.smith{at}ed.ac.uk; fax 44 131 650 5392.

Received April 8, 2004; returned for revision June 9, 2004; accepted June 23, 2004.




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