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First published online September 10, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.045047 Plant Physiology 136:3290-3300 (2004) © 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists Gene Expression Profiling Reflects Physiological Processes in Salt Acclimation of Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 68031Universität Rostock, FB Biowissenschaften, Pflanzenphysiologie, 18051 Rostock, Germany (K.M., M.H.); Department of Regulation Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444–8585, Japan (Y.K., N.M., I.S.); and Institute of Plant Physiology, 127276 Moscow, Russia (D.A.L.)
The kinetics of genome-wide responses of gene expression during the acclimation of cells of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to salt stress were followed by DNA-microarray technique and compared to changes in main physiological parameters. During the first 30 min of salt stress, about 240 genes became induced higher than 3-fold, while about 140 genes were repressed. However, most changes in gene expression were only transient and observed among genes for hypothetical proteins. At 24 h after onset of salt stress conditions, the expression of only 39 genes remained significantly enhanced. Among them, many genes that encode proteins essential for salt acclimation were detected, while only a small number of genes for hypothetical proteins remained activated. Following the expression of genes for main functions of the cyanobacterial cell, i.e. PSI, PSII, phycobilisomes, and synthesis of compatible solutes, such as ion homeostasis, distinct kinetic patterns were found. While most of the genes for basal physiological functions were transiently repressed during the 1st h after the onset of salt stress, genes for proteins specifically related to salt acclimation were activated. This gene expression pattern reflects well the changes in main physiological processes in salt-stressed cells, i.e. transient inhibition of photosynthesis and pigment synthesis as well as immediate activation of synthesis of compatible solutes. The results clearly document that following the kinetics of genome-wide expression, profiling can be used to envisage physiological changes in the cyanobacterial cell after certain changes in growth conditions.
1 This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant to M.H.), by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 03–04–48581), by the Russian Science Support Foundation (grant to D.L.), by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (grant no. 13854002 to N.M. and I.S.) and for Exploratory Research (grant no. 14654169 to I.S.), by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (grant nos. 14086207 to N.M. and 15013260 to I.S.), by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan, and by the Salt Science Research Foundation (grant no. 03S1 to I.S.). 2 Present address: Institute of Biochemistry, University Cologne, D–50674 Cologne, Germany. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.045047. * Corresponding author; e-mail martin.hagemann{at}biologie.uni-rostock.de; fax 49–(0)381–4986112. Received April 22, 2004; returned for revision July 12, 2004; accepted July 18, 2004. This article has been cited by other articles:
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