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First published online October 29, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.045575

Plant Physiology 136:3682-3691 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

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PLANTS INTERACTING WITH OTHER ORGANISMS

LIN, a Medicago truncatula Gene Required for Nodule Differentiation and Persistence of Rhizobial Infections1

Kavitha T. Kuppusamy, Gabriella Endre, Radhika Prabhu, R. Varma Penmetsa, Harita Veereshlingam, Douglas R. Cook, Rebecca Dickstein and Kathryn A. VandenBosch*

Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (K.T.K., G.E., K.A.VdB.); Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H–6701 Szeged, Hungary (G.E.); Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 (R.P.); Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616–8680 (V.P., D.R.C.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203–5220 (H.V., R.D.)

Ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis of the model legume Medicago truncatula has previously identified several genes required for early steps in nodulation. Here, we describe a new mutant that is defective in intermediate steps of nodule differentiation. The lin (lumpy infections) mutant is characterized by a 4-fold reduction in the number of infections, all of which arrest in the root epidermis, and by nodule primordia that initiate normally but fail to mature. Genetic analyses indicate that the symbiotic phenotype is conferred by a single gene that maps to the lower arm of linkage group 1. Transcriptional markers for early Nod factor responses (RIP1 and ENOD40) are induced in lin, as is another early nodulin, ENOD20, a gene expressed during the differentiation of nodule primordia. By contrast, other markers correlated with primordium differentiation (CCS52A), infection progression (MtN6), or nodule morphogenesis (ENOD2 and ENOD8) show reduced or no induction in homozygous lin individuals. Taken together, these results suggest that LIN functions in maintenance of rhizobial infections and differentiation of nodules from nodule primordia.

1 This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Research Initiative (award no. 98–35305–6686 to K.VdB.), by funding from the University of Minnesota (to K.VdB.), and by funding from the University of North Texas (to R.D.).

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.045575.

* Corresponding author; e-mail: kvandenb{at}cbs.umn.edu; fax 612–625–1738.

Received May 3, 2004; returned for revision July 26, 2004; accepted August 7, 2004.




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