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ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION

Investigations into the Role of the Plastidial Peptide Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase in Response to Oxidative Stress in Arabidopsis¹

Intercollege Program in Plant Physiology (H.M.R., E.J.P., M.T.), Department of Plant Pathology (P.J.J., E.J.P.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.T.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 (B.S.B.)

Peptidyl Met residues are readily oxidized by reactive oxygen species to form Met sulfoxide. The enzyme peptide Met sulfoxide reductase (PMSR) catalyzes the reduction of Met sulfoxides back to Met. In doing so, PMSR is proposed to act as a last-chance antioxidant, repairing proteins damaged from oxidative stress. To assess the role of this enzyme in plants, we generated multiple transgenic lines with altered expression levels of the plastid form of PMSR (PMSR4). In transgenic plants, PMSR4 expression ranged from 95% to 40% (antisense) and more than 600% (overexpressing lines) of wild-type plants. Under optimal growing conditions, there is no effect of the transgene on the phenotype of the plants. When exposed to different oxidative stress conditions—methyl viologen, ozone, and high light—differences were observed in the rate of photosynthesis, the maximum quantum yield (F_v/F_m ratio), and the Met sulfoxide content of the isolated chloroplast. Plants that overexpressed PMSR4 were more resistant to oxidative damage localized in the chloroplast, and plants that underexpressed PMSR4 were more susceptible. The Met sulfoxide levels in proteins of the soluble fraction of chloroplasts were increased by methyl viologen and ozone, but not by high-light treatment. Under stress conditions, the overexpression of PMSR4 lowered the sulfoxide content and underexpression resulted in an overall increase in content.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.046656.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail mxt3{at}psu.edu; fax 814–863–8616.

Received May 18, 2004; returned for revision August 10, 2004; accepted August 30, 2004.

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