First published online November 5, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.045625
Plant Physiology 136:4198-4204 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists
PLANT NUTRITION
Root-to-Shoot Transport of Sulfate in Arabidopsis. Evidence for the Role of SULTR3;5 as a Component of Low-Affinity Sulfate Transport System in the Root Vasculature1
Tatsuhiko Kataoka,
Naomi Hayashi,
Tomoyuki Yamaya and
Hideki Takahashi*
RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230–0045, Japan (T.K., N.H., T.Y., H.T.); and Tohoku University, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981–8555, Japan (T.Y.)
Xylem transport of sulfate regulates distribution of sulfur in vascular plants. Here, we describe SULTR3;5 as an essential component of the sulfate transport system that facilitates the root-to-shoot transport of sulfate in the vasculature. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), SULTR3;5 was colocalized with the SULTR2;1 low-affinity sulfate transporter in xylem parenchyma and pericycle cells in roots. In a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) expression system, sulfate uptake was hardly detectable with SULTR3;5 expression alone; however, cells coexpressing both SULTR3;5 and SULTR2;1 showed substantial uptake activity that was considerably higher than with SULTR2;1 expression alone. The Vmax value of sulfate uptake activity with SULTR3;5-SULTR2;1 coexpression was approximately 3 times higher than with SULTR2;1 alone. In Arabidopsis, the root-to-shoot transport of sulfate was restricted in the sultr3;5 mutants, under conditions of high SULTR2;1 expression in the roots after sulfur limitation. These results suggested that SULTR3;5 is constitutively expressed in the root vasculature, but its function to reinforce the capacity of the SULTR2;1 low-affinity transporter is only essential when SULTR2;1 mRNA is induced by sulfur limitation. Consequently, coexpression of SULTR3;5 and SULTR2;1 provides maximum capacity of sulfate transport activity, which facilitates retrieval of apoplastic sulfate to the xylem parenchyma cells in the vasculature of Arabidopsis roots and may contribute to the root-to-shoot transport of sulfate.
1 This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan (grant no. 15780211).
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.045625.
* Corresponding author; e-mail hideki{at}postman.riken.go.jp; fax 81–45–503–9609.
Received April 30, 2004;
returned for revision June 3, 2004;
accepted June 7, 2004.
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