First published online November 24, 2004; 10.1104/pp.104.047548
Plant Physiology 136:4308-4317 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists
WHOLE PLANT AND ECOPHYSIOLOGY
Glutamate Dehydrogenase of Tobacco Is Mainly Induced in the Cytosol of Phloem Companion Cells When Ammonia Is Provided Either Externally or Released during Photorespiration
Thérèse Tercé-Laforgue,
Frédéric Dubois,
Sylvie Ferrario-Méry,
Marie-Anne Pou de Crecenzo,
Rajbir Sangwan and
Bertrand Hirel*
Unité de Nutrition Azotée des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (T.T.-L., S.F.-M., M.-A.P.d.C., B.H.); Laboratoire d'Androgénèse et Biotechnologie Végétale, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens cedex, France (F.D., R.S.); and Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences, Unité Fédérative de Recherche Sciences, Université d'Angers, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France (M.-A.P.d.C.)
Glutamate (Glu) dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyses the reversible amination of 2-oxoglutarate for the synthesis of Glu using ammonium as a substrate. This enzyme preferentially occurs in the mitochondria of companion cells of a number of plant species grown on nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. For a better understanding of the controversial role of GDH either in ammonium assimilation or in the supply of 2-oxoglutarate (F. Dubois, T. Tercé-Laforgue, M.B. Gonzalez-Moro, M.B. Estavillo, R. Sangwan, A. Gallais, B. Hirel [2003] Plant Physiol Biochem 41: 565–576), we studied the localization of GDH in untransformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants grown either on low nitrate or on ammonium and in ferredoxin-dependent Glu synthase antisense plants. Production of GDH and its activity were strongly induced when plants were grown on ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. The induction mainly occurred in highly vascularized organs such as stems and midribs and was likely to be due to accumulation of phloem-translocated ammonium in the sap. GDH induction occurred when ammonia was applied externally to untransformed control plants or resulted from photorespiratory activity in transgenic plants down-regulated for ferredoxin-dependent Glu synthase. GDH was increased in the mitochondria and appeared in the cytosol of companion cells. Taken together, our results suggest that the enzyme plays a dual role in companion cells, either in the mitochondria when mineral nitrogen availability is low or in the cytosol when ammonium concentration increases above a certain threshold.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.047548.
* Corresponding author; e-mail hirel{at}versailles.inra.fr; fax 33–1–30–83–30–96.
Received June 3, 2004;
returned for revision October 12, 2004;
accepted October 14, 2004.
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