First published online January 21, 2005; 10.1104/pp.104.054908
Plant Physiology 137:713-723 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists
BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES
Alterations in Tocopherol Cyclase Activity in Transgenic and Mutant Plants of Arabidopsis Affect Tocopherol Content, Tocopherol Composition, and Oxidative Stress1
Marion Kanwischer,
Svetlana Porfirova,
Eveline Bergmüller and
Peter Dörmann*
Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Lothar Willmitzer, 14476 Golm, Germany
Tocopherol belongs to the Vitamin E class of lipid soluble antioxidants that are essential for human nutrition. In plants, tocopherol is synthesized in plastids where it protects membranes from oxidative degradation by reactive oxygen species. Tocopherol cyclase (VTE1) catalyzes the penultimate step of tocopherol synthesis, and an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant deficient in VTE1 (vte1) is totally devoid of tocopherol. Overexpression of VTE1 resulted in an increase in total tocopherol of at least 7-fold in leaves, and a dramatic shift from  -tocopherol to  -tocopherol. Expression studies demonstrated that indeed VTE1 is a major limiting factor of tocopherol synthesis in leaves. Tocopherol deficiency in vte1 resulted in the increase in ascorbate and glutathione, whereas accumulation of tocopherol in VTE1 overexpressing plants led to a decrease in ascorbate and glutathione. Deficiency in one antioxidant in vte1, vtc1 (ascorbate deficient), or cad2 (glutathione deficient) led to increased oxidative stress and to the concomitant increase in alternative antioxidants. Double mutants of vte1 were generated with vtc1 and cad2. Whereas growth, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic quantum yield were very similar to wild type in vte1, vtc1, cad2, or vte1vtc1, they were reduced in vte1cad2, indicating that the simultaneous loss of tocopherol and glutathione results in moderate oxidative stress that affects the stability and the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus.
1 This work was supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (research fellowship Por757/1–1 to S.P. and grant Do520/7–1 to P.D.).
2 Present address: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zürich, LFW E57.1, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.054908.
* Corresponding author; e-mail doermann{at}mpimp-golm.mpg.de; fax 0049–331–567–8250.
Received October 14, 2004;
returned for revision November 19, 2004;
accepted November 21, 2004.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
J. Zhu, W. L. Patzoldt, O. Radwan, P. J. Tranel, and S. J. Clough
Effects of Photosystem-II-Interfering Herbicides Atrazine and Bentazon on the Soybean Transcriptome
The Plant Genome,
July 1, 2009;
2(2):
191 - 205.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-H. Shen, R. Krishnamurthy, and K.-W. Yeh
Decreased L-Ascorbate Content Mediating Bolting is Mainly Regulated by the Galacturonate Pathway in Oncidium
Plant Cell Physiol.,
May 1, 2009;
50(5):
935 - 946.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Fukushima, M. Kusano, N. Nakamichi, M. Kobayashi, N. Hayashi, H. Sakakibara, T. Mizuno, and K. Saito
Impact of clock-associated Arabidopsis pseudo-response regulators in metabolic coordination
PNAS,
April 28, 2009;
106(17):
7251 - 7256.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. O. Kotchoni, K. E. Larrimore, M. Mukherjee, C. F. Kempinski, and C. Barth
Alterations in the Endogenous Ascorbic Acid Content Affect Flowering Time in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
February 1, 2009;
149(2):
803 - 815.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Colville and N. Smirnoff
Antioxidant status, peroxidase activity, and PR protein transcript levels in ascorbate-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana vtc mutants
J. Exp. Bot.,
October 9, 2008;
(2008)
ern229v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Matringe, B. Ksas, P. Rey, and M. Havaux
Tocotrienols, the Unsaturated Forms of Vitamin E, Can Function as Antioxidants and Lipid Protectors in Tobacco Leaves
Plant Physiology,
June 1, 2008;
147(2):
764 - 778.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. C. Kane and L. H. Rieseberg
Selective Sweeps Reveal Candidate Genes for Adaptation to Drought and Salt Tolerance in Common Sunflower, Helianthus annuus
Genetics,
April 1, 2007;
175(4):
1823 - 1834.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.-R. Abbasi, M. Hajirezaei, D. Hofius, U. Sonnewald, and L. M. Voll
Specific Roles of {alpha}- and {gamma}-Tocopherol in Abiotic Stress Responses of Transgenic Tobacco
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 2007;
143(4):
1720 - 1738.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. U. Gilliland, M. Magallanes-Lundback, C. Hemming, A. Supplee, M. Koornneef, L. Bentsink, and D. DellaPenna
Colloquium Paper: Genetic basis for natural variation in seed vitamin E levels in Arabidopsis thaliana
PNAS,
December 5, 2006;
103(49):
18834 - 18841.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Austin II, E. Frost, P.-A. Vidi, F. Kessler, and L. A. Staehelin
Plastoglobules Are Lipoprotein Subcompartments of the Chloroplast That Are Permanently Coupled to Thylakoid Membranes and Contain Biosynthetic Enzymes
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2006;
18(7):
1693 - 1703.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Krieger-Liszkay and A. Trebst
Tocopherol is the scavenger of singlet oxygen produced by the triplet states of chlorophyll in the PSII reaction centre
J. Exp. Bot.,
May 1, 2006;
57(8):
1677 - 1684.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.-A. Vidi, M. Kanwischer, S. Baginsky, J. R. Austin, G. Csucs, P. Dormann, F. Kessler, and C. Brehelin
Tocopherol Cyclase (VTE1) Localization and Vitamin E Accumulation in Chloroplast Plastoglobule Lipoprotein Particles
J. Biol. Chem.,
April 21, 2006;
281(16):
11225 - 11234.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Ytterberg, J.-B. Peltier, and K. J. van Wijk
Protein Profiling of Plastoglobules in Chloroplasts and Chromoplasts. A Surprising Site for Differential Accumulation of Metabolic Enzymes
Plant Physiology,
March 1, 2006;
140(3):
984 - 997.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. E. Valentin, K. Lincoln, F. Moshiri, P. K. Jensen, Q. Qi, T. V. Venkatesh, B. Karunanandaa, S. R. Baszis, S. R. Norris, B. Savidge, et al.
The Arabidopsis vitamin E pathway gene5-1 Mutant Reveals a Critical Role for Phytol Kinase in Seed Tocopherol Biosynthesis
PLANT CELL,
January 1, 2006;
18(1):
212 - 224.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Havaux, F. Eymery, S. Porfirova, P. Rey, and P. Dormann
Vitamin E Protects against Photoinhibition and Photooxidative Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana
PLANT CELL,
December 1, 2005;
17(12):
3451 - 3469.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. H. Foyer and G. Noctor
Redox Homeostasis and Antioxidant Signaling: A Metabolic Interface between Stress Perception and Physiological Responses
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2005;
17(7):
1866 - 1875.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Maeda, Y. Sakuragi, D. A. Bryant, and D. DellaPenna
Tocopherols Protect Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 from Lipid Peroxidation
Plant Physiology,
July 1, 2005;
138(3):
1422 - 1435.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
