First published online February 22, 2005; 10.1104/pp.104.054460
Plant Physiology 137:1160-1168 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists
PLANTS INTERACTING WITH OTHER ORGANISMS
Effects of Feeding Spodoptera littoralis on Lima Bean Leaves. II. Continuous Mechanical Wounding Resembling Insect Feeding Is Sufficient to Elicit Herbivory-Related Volatile Emission
Axel Mithöfer,
Gerhard Wanner and
Wilhelm Boland*
Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D–07745 Jena, Germany (A.M., W.B.); and Botanical Institute, Department Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University, D–80638 Munich, Germany (G.W.)
Herbivore feeding elicits defense responses in infested plants, including the emission of volatile organic compounds that can serve as indirect defense signals. Until now, the contribution of plant tissue wounding during the feeding process in the elicitation of defense responses has not been clear. For example, in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), the composition of the volatiles induced by both the insect caterpillar Spodoptera littoralis and the snail Cepaea hortensis is very similar. Thus, a mechanical caterpillar, MecWorm, has been designed and used in this study, which very closely resembles the herbivore-caused tissue damage in terms of similar physical appearance and long-lasting wounding period on defined leaf areas. This mode of treatment was sufficient to induce the emission of a volatile organic compound blend qualitatively similar to that as known from real herbivore feeding, although there were significant quantitative differences for a number of compounds. Moreover, both the duration and the area that has been mechanically damaged contribute to the induction of the whole volatile response. Based on those two parameters, time and area, which can replace each other to some extent, a damage level can be defined. That damage level exhibits a close linear relationship with the accumulation of fatty acid-derived volatiles and monoterpenes, while other terpenoid volatiles and methyl salicylate respond in a nonlinear manner. The results strongly suggest that the impact of mechanical wounding on the induction of defense responses during herbivore feeding was until now underestimated. Controlled and reproducible mechanical damage that strongly resembles the insect's feeding process represents a valuable tool for analyzing the role of the various signals involved in the induction of plant defense reactions against herbivory.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.054460.
* Corresponding author; e-mail boland{at}ice.mpg.de; fax 49–3641–571202.
Received October 6, 2004;
returned for revision December 21, 2004;
accepted December 30, 2004.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
N. Theis, K. Kesler, and L. S. Adler
Leaf herbivory increases floral fragrance in male but not female Cucurbita pepo subsp. texana (Cucurbitaceae) flowers
Am. J. Botany,
May 1, 2009;
96(5):
897 - 903.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-i. Arimura, K. Matsui, and J. Takabayashi
Chemical and Molecular Ecology of Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles: Proximate Factors and Their Ultimate Functions
Plant Cell Physiol.,
May 1, 2009;
50(5):
911 - 923.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Gaquerel, A. Weinhold, and I. T. Baldwin
Molecular Interactions between the Specialist Herbivore Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphigidae) and Its Natural Host Nicotiana attenuata. VIII. An Unbiased GCxGC-ToFMS Analysis of the Plant's Elicited Volatile Emissions
Plant Physiology,
March 1, 2009;
149(3):
1408 - 1423.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Schmelz, J. Engelberth, H. T. Alborn, J. H. Tumlinson III, and P. E. A. Teal
Phytohormone-based activity mapping of insect herbivore-produced elicitors
PNAS,
January 13, 2009;
106(2):
653 - 657.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Tretner, U. Huth, and B. Hause
Mechanostimulation of Medicago truncatula leads to enhanced levels of jasmonic acid
J. Exp. Bot.,
July 1, 2008;
59(10):
2847 - 2856.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Markert, N. Steffan, K. Ploss, S. Hellwig, U. Steiner, C. Drewke, S.-M. Li, W. Boland, and E. Leistner
Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Ergoline Alkaloids in a Mutualistic Association between Ipomoea asarifolia (Convolvulaceae) and a Clavicipitalean Fungus
Plant Physiology,
May 1, 2008;
147(1):
296 - 305.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Hao, C. Liu, Y. Wang, R. Chen, M. Tang, B. Du, L. Zhu, and G. He
Herbivore-Induced Callose Deposition on the Sieve Plates of Rice: An Important Mechanism for Host Resistance
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 2008;
146(4):
1810 - 1820.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Mithofer and W. Boland
Recognition of Herbivory-Associated Molecular Patterns
Plant Physiology,
March 1, 2008;
146(3):
825 - 831.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-i. Arimura, S. Kopke, M. Kunert, V. Volpe, A. David, P. Brand, P. Dabrowska, M. E. Maffei, and W. Boland
Effects of Feeding Spodoptera littoralis on Lima Bean Leaves: IV. Diurnal and Nocturnal Damage Differentially Initiate Plant Volatile Emission
Plant Physiology,
March 1, 2008;
146(3):
965 - 973.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Wasternack
Jasmonates: An Update on Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction and Action in Plant Stress Response, Growth and Development
Ann. Bot.,
October 1, 2007;
100(4):
681 - 697.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. T. Alborn, T. V. Hansen, T. H. Jones, D. C. Bennett, J. H. Tumlinson, E. A. Schmelz, and P. E. A. Teal
Disulfooxy fatty acids from the American bird grasshopper Schistocerca americana, elicitors of plant volatiles
PNAS,
August 7, 2007;
104(32):
12976 - 12981.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Lannoo, G. Vandenborre, O. Miersch, G. Smagghe, C. Wasternack, W. J. Peumans, and E. J. M. Van Damme
The Jasmonate-Induced Expression of the Nicotiana tabacum Leaf Lectin
Plant Cell Physiol.,
August 1, 2007;
48(8):
1207 - 1218.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Schmelz, S. LeClere, M. J. Carroll, H. T. Alborn, and P. E.A. Teal
Cowpea Chloroplastic ATP Synthase Is the Source of Multiple Plant Defense Elicitors during Insect Herbivory
Plant Physiology,
June 1, 2007;
144(2):
793 - 805.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. De Vos, W. Van Zaanen, A. Koornneef, J. P. Korzelius, M. Dicke, L.C. Van Loon, and C. M.J. Pieterse
Herbivore-Induced Resistance against Microbial Pathogens in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
September 1, 2006;
142(1):
352 - 363.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Maffei, A. Mithofer, G.-I. Arimura, H. Uchtenhagen, S. Bossi, C. M. Bertea, L. S. Cucuzza, M. Novero, V. Volpe, S. Quadro, et al.
Effects of Feeding Spodoptera littoralis on Lima Bean Leaves. III. Membrane Depolarization and Involvement of Hydrogen Peroxide
Plant Physiology,
March 1, 2006;
140(3):
1022 - 1035.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D'Alessandro and T. C.J. Turlings
In Situ Modification of Herbivore-Induced Plant Odors: A Novel Approach to Study the Attractiveness of Volatile Organic Compounds to Parasitic Wasps
Chem Senses,
November 1, 2005;
30(9):
739 - 753.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
