First published online March 18, 2005; 10.1104/pp.104.056572
Plant Physiology 137:1283-1301 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists
GENETICS, GENOMICS, AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
Overlaps in the Transcriptional Profiles of Medicago truncatula Roots Inoculated with Two Different Glomus Fungi Provide Insights into the Genetic Program Activated during Arbuscular Mycorrhiza1,[w]
Natalija Hohnjec,
Martin F. Vieweg,
Alfred Pühler,
Anke Becker and
Helge Küster*
Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Bielefeld, D–33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.H., M.F.V., A.P., A.B., H.K.); and Institute of Genome Research (A.P., A.B.), and International Graduate School in Bioinformatics and Genome Research (N.H., H.K.), Center for Biotechnology, Universität Bielefeld, D–33594 Bielefeld, Germany
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a widespread symbiotic association between plants and fungal microsymbionts that supports plant development under nutrient-limiting and various stress conditions. In this study, we focused on the overlapping genetic program activated by two commonly studied microsymbionts in addition to identifying AM-related genes. We thus applied 16,086 probe microarrays to profile the transcriptome of the model legume Medicago truncatula during interactions with Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices and specified a total of 201 plant genes as significantly coinduced at least 2-fold, with more than 160 being reported as AM induced for the first time. Several hundred genes were additionally up-regulated during a sole interaction, indicating that the plant genetic program activated in AM to some extent depends on the colonizing microsymbiont. Genes induced during both interactions specified AM-related nitrate, ion, and sugar transporters, enzymes involved in secondary metabolism, proteases, and Kunitz-type protease inhibitors. Furthermore, coinduced genes encoded receptor kinases and other components of signal transduction pathways as well as AM-induced transcriptional regulators, thus reflecting changes in signaling. By the use of reporter gene expression, we demonstrated that one member of the AM-induced gene family encoding blue copper binding proteins (MtBcp1) was both specifically and strongly up-regulated in arbuscule-containing regions of mycorrhizal roots. A comparison of the AM expression profiles to those of nitrogen-fixing root nodules suggested only a limited overlap between the genetic programs orchestrating root endosymbioses.
1 This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SPP 1084 MolMyk: Molecular Basics of Mycorrhizal Symbioses projects Ku–1478/1–2 and Pu 28/25–3); and grant BIZ 7. N. Hohnjec and H. Küster acknowledge financial support of the International Graduate School in Bioinformatics and Genome Research (Bielefeld University).
[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.056572.
* Corresponding author; e-mail helge.kuester{at}genetik.uni-bielefeld.de; fax 49–(0)521–106–5626.
Received November 19, 2004;
returned for revision January 28, 2005;
accepted January 30, 2005.
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