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ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION

Immobilization of Aluminum with Phosphorus in Roots Is Associated with High Aluminum Resistance in Buckwheat¹

College of Life Science (S.J.Z., J.L.Y.) and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science (S.J.Z., J.L.Y., Y.F.H., X.H.Y., L.Z., J.F.Y.), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; China Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China (R.F.S.); and Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710–0046, Japan (H.M.)

Oxalic acid secretion from roots is considered to be an important mechanism for aluminum (Al) resistance in buckwheat (Fygopyrum esculentum Moench). Nonetheless, only a single Al-resistant buckwheat cultivar was used to investigate the significance of oxalic acid in detoxifying Al. In this study, we investigated two buckwheat cultivars, Jiangxi (Al resistant) and Shanxi (Al sensitive), which showed significant variation in their resistance to Al stress. In the presence of 0 to 100 µM Al, the inhibition of root elongation was greater in Shanxi than that in Jiangxi, and the Al content of root apices (0–10 mm) was much lower in Jiangxi. However, the dependence of oxalic acid secretion on external Al concentration and the time course for secretion were similar in both cultivars. Furthermore, the variation in Al-induced oxalic acid efflux along the root was similar, showing a 10-fold greater efflux from the apical 0- to 5-mm region than from the 5- to 10-mm region. These results suggest that both Shanxi and Jiangxi possess an equal capacity for Al-dependent oxalic acid secretion. Another two potential Al resistance mechanisms, i.e. Al-induced alkalinization of rhizosphere pH and root inorganic phosphate release, were also not involved in their differential Al resistance. However, after longer treatments in Al (10 d), the concentrations of phosphorus and Al in the roots of the Al-resistant cultivar Jiangxi were significantly higher than those in Shanxi. Furthermore, more Al was localized in the cell walls of the resistant cultivar. All these results suggest that while Al-dependent oxalic acid secretion might contribute to the overall high resistance to Al stress of buckwheat, this response cannot explain the variation in tolerance between these two cultivars. We present evidence suggesting the greater Al resistance in buckwheat is further related to the immobilization and detoxification of Al by phosphorus in the root tissues.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.059667.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail sjzheng{at}zju.edu.cn; fax 86–571–8643–3724.

Received January 13, 2005; returned for revision February 17, 2005; accepted February 21, 2005.

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