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First published online May 20, 2005; 10.1104/pp.104.057935

Plant Physiology 138:744-756 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists

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DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION

Gene Family Analysis of the Arabidopsis Pollen Transcriptome Reveals Biological Implications for Cell Growth, Division Control, and Gene Expression Regulation1,[w]

Cristina Pina2, Francisco Pinto, José A. Feijó* and Jörg D. Becker

Centro de Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, PT–2780–156 Oeiras, Portugal (C.P., J.A.F., J.D.B.); Biomathematics Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, PT–2780–156 Oeiras, Portugal (F.P.); and Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, PT–1749–016 Lisbon, Portugal (J.A.F.)

Upon germination, pollen forms a tube that elongates dramatically through female tissues to reach and fertilize ovules. While essential for the life cycle of higher plants, the genetic basis underlying most of the process is not well understood. We previously used a combination of flow cytometry sorting of viable hydrated pollen grains and GeneChip array analysis of one-third of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome to define a first overview of the pollen transcriptome. We now extend that study to approximately 80% of the genome of Arabidopsis by using Affymetrix Arabidopsis ATH1 arrays and perform comparative analysis of gene family and gene ontology representation in the transcriptome of pollen and vegetative tissues. Pollen grains have a smaller and overall unique transcriptome (6,587 genes expressed) with greater proportions of selectively expressed (11%) and enriched (26%) genes than any vegetative tissue. Relative gene ontology category representations in pollen and vegetative tissues reveal a functional skew of the pollen transcriptome toward signaling, vesicle transport, and the cytoskeleton, suggestive of a commitment to germination and tube growth. Cell cycle analysis reveals an accumulation of G2/M-associated factors that may play a role in the first mitotic division of the zygote. Despite the relative underrepresentation of transcription-associated transcripts, nonclassical MADS box genes emerge as a class with putative unique roles in pollen. The singularity of gene expression control in mature pollen grains is further highlighted by the apparent absence of small RNA pathway components.

1 This work was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (project nos. POCTI/BCI/41725/2001 and POCTI/BIA-BCM/61270/2004, and fellowships SFRH/BPD/3619/2000 and SFRH/BD/6488/2001 to J.D.B. and F.P., respectively). C.P. is a student of the Gulbenkian Ph.D. Program in Biomedicine (Portugal).

2 Present address: Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.

[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.104.057935.

* Corresponding author; e-mail jfeijo{at}fc.ul.pt; fax 351–21–4407970.

Received December 8, 2004; returned for revision February 2, 2005; accepted February 3, 2005.




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