First published online May 27, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.060517
Plant Physiology 138:847-857 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION
Interaction between Phosphate-Starvation, Sugar, and Cytokinin Signaling in Arabidopsis and the Roles of Cytokinin Receptors CRE1/AHK4 and AHK31
José Manuel Franco-Zorrilla,
Ana Carmen Martín2,
Antonio Leyva and
Javier Paz-Ares*
Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
Cytokinins control key processes during plant growth and development, and cytokinin receptors CYTOKININ RESPONSE 1/WOODEN LEG/ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 4 (CRE1/WOL/AHK4), AHK2, and AHK3 have been shown to play a crucial role in this control. The involvement of cytokinins in signaling the status of several nutrients, such as sugar, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphate (Pi), has also been highlighted, although the full physiological relevance of this role remains unclear. To gain further insights into this aspect of cytokinin action, we characterized a mutant with reduced sensitivity to cytokinin repression of a Pi starvation-responsive reporter gene and show it corresponds to AHK3. As expected, ahk3 displayed reduced responsiveness to cytokinin in callus proliferation and plant growth assays. In addition, ahk3 showed reduced cytokinin repression of several Pi starvation-responsive genes and increased sucrose sensitivity. These effects of the ahk3 mutation were especially evident in combination with the cre1 mutation, indicating partial functional redundancy between these receptors. We examined the effect of these mutations on Pi-starvation responses and found that the double mutant is not significantly affected in long-distance systemic repression of these responses. Remarkably, we found that expression of many Pi-responsive genes is stimulated by sucrose in shoots and to a lesser extent in roots, and the sugar effect in shoots of Pi-starved plants was particularly enhanced in the cre1 ahk3 double mutant. Altogether, these results indicate the existence of multidirectional cross regulation between cytokinin, sugar, and Pi-starvation signaling, thus underlining the role of cytokinin signaling in nutrient sensing and the relative importance of Pi-starvation signaling in the control of plant metabolism and development.
1 This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education (ref. BIO2002–03568), by the Government of the Comunidad de Madrid (ref. 07B/0035/2002), and by the Government of the Comunidad de Madrid (postdoctoral fellowship to J.M.F.-Z.).
2 Present address: BIONOSTRA S.L., Ronda de Poniente 6, 2ºC; Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid, Spain.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.060517.
* Corresponding author; e-mail jpazares{at}cnb.uam.es; fax 0034–915854506.
Received January 31, 2005;
returned for revision February 22, 2005;
accepted February 24, 2005.
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