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First published online July 29, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.063917

Plant Physiology 138:2323-2336 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists

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CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Maize Endosperm and Their Potential Role in Endoreduplication1

Cintia M. Coelho, Ricardo A. Dante, Paolo A. Sabelli, Yuejin Sun2, Brian P. Dilkes, William J. Gordon-Kamm and Brian A. Larkins*

Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (C.M.C., R.A.D., P.A.S., Y.S., B.P.D., B.A.L.); and Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Johnston, Iowa 50131–1004 (W.J.G.-K.)

Two maize (Zea mays) cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, Zeama;KRP;1 and Zeama;KRP;2, were characterized and shown to be expressed in developing endosperm. Similar to the CDK inhibitors in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), the maize proteins contain a carboxy-terminal region related to the inhibitory domain of the mammalian Cip/Kip inhibitors. Zeama;KRP;1 is present in the endosperm between 7 and 21 d after pollination, a period that encompasses the onset of endoreduplication, while the Zeama;KRP;2 protein declines during this time. Nevertheless, Zeama;KRP;1 accounts for only part of the CDK inhibitory activity that peaks coincident with the endoreduplication phase of endosperm development. In vitro assays showed that Zeama;KRP;1 and Zeama;KRP;2 are able to inhibit endosperm Cdc2-related CKD activity that associates with p13Suc1. They were also shown to specifically inhibit cyclin A1;3- and cyclin D5;1-associated CDK activities, but not cyclin B1;3/CDK. Overexpression of Zeama;KRP;1 in maize embryonic calli that ectopically expressed the wheat dwarf virus RepA protein, which counteracts retinoblastoma-related protein function, led to an additional round of DNA replication without nuclear division.

1 This work was supported by grants from the Department of Energy (DE–96ER20242) and Pioneer Hi-Bred International (to B.A.L.) and by scholarships from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brazil (to C.M.C. and R.A.D).

2 Present address: Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268–1054.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.063917.

* Corresponding author; e-mail larkins{at}ag.arizona.edu; fax 520–621–3692.

Received April 6, 2005; returned for revision April 28, 2005; accepted April 30, 2005.




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