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First published online August 19, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.065953

Plant Physiology 139:39-51 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists

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BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES

A Comprehensive Analysis of the NADP-Malic Enzyme Gene Family of Arabidopsis1,[w]

Mariel C. Gerrard Wheeler, Marcos A. Tronconi, María F. Drincovich, Carlos S. Andreo*, Ulf-Ingo Flügge and Verónica G. Maurino

Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.G.W., M.A.T., M.F.D., C.S.A.); and Botanisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, D–50931 Cologne, Germany (U.-I.F., V.G.M.)

The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains four genes encoding putative NADP-malic enzymes (MEs; AtNADP-ME1–ME4). NADP-ME4 is localized to plastids, whereas the other three isoforms do not possess any predicted organellar targeting sequence and are therefore expected to be cytosolic. The plant NADP-MEs can be classified into four groups: groups I and II comprising cytosolic and plastidic isoforms from dicots, respectively; group III containing isoforms from monocots; and group IV composed of both monocots and dicots, including AtNADP-ME1. AtNADP-MEs contained all conserved motifs common to plant NADP-MEs and the recombinant isozymes showed different kinetic and structural properties. NADP-ME2 exhibits the highest specific activity, while NADP-ME3 and NADP-ME4 present the highest catalytic efficiency for NADP and malate, respectively. NADP-ME4 exists in equilibrium of active dimers and tetramers, while the cytosolic counterparts are present as hexamers or octamers. Characterization of T-DNA insertion mutant and promoter activity studies indicates that NADP-ME2 is responsible for the major part of NADP-ME activity in mature tissues of Arabidopsis. Whereas NADP-ME2 and -ME4 are constitutively expressed, the expression of NADP-ME1 and NADP-ME3 is restricted by both developmental and cell-specific signals. These isoforms may play specific roles at particular developmental stages of the plant rather than being involved in primary metabolism.

1 This work was supported by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 1–11604, Argentina), Fundación Antorchas (project no. 4248–63, Argentina), SeCyt-DAAD (DA/PA05–BI/016), and CONICET (PIP 3029) as well as the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (to V.G.M.).

[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.065953.

* Corresponding author; e-mail candreo{at}fbioyf.unr.edu.ar; fax 54–341–4370044.

Received May 19, 2005; returned for revision June 13, 2005; accepted June 13, 2005.




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