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First published online July 29, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.063461

Plant Physiology 139:509-518 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists

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GENETICS, GENOMICS, AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION

Homeodomain Leucine Zipper Class I Genes in Arabidopsis. Expression Patterns and Phylogenetic Relationships1,[w]

Eva Henriksson2,3, Anna S.B. Olsson2, Henrik Johannesson, Henrik Johansson, Johannes Hanson4, Peter Engström and Eva Söderman*

Department of Physiological Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, University of Uppsala, SE–752 36 Uppsala, Sweden

Members of the homeodomain leucine zipper (HDZip) family of transcription factors are present in a wide range of plants, from mosses to higher plants, but not in other eukaryotes. The HDZip genes act in developmental processes, including vascular tissue and trichome development, and several of them have been suggested to be involved in the mediation of external signals to regulate plant growth. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains 47 HDZip genes, which, based on sequence criteria, have been grouped into four different classes: HDZip I to IV. In this article, we present an overview of the class I HDZip genes in Arabidopsis. We describe their expression patterns, transcriptional regulation properties, duplication history, and phylogeny. The phylogeny of HDZip class I genes is supported by data on the duplication history of the genes, as well as the intron/exon patterning of the HDZip-encoding motifs. The HDZip class I genes were found to be widely expressed and partly to have overlapping expression patterns at the organ level. Further, abscisic acid or water deficit treatments and different light conditions affected the transcript levels of a majority of the HDZip I genes. Within the gene family, our data show examples of closely related HDZip genes with similarities in the function of the gene product, but a divergence in expression pattern. In addition, six HDZip class I proteins tested were found to be activators of gene expression. In conclusion, several HDZip I genes appear to regulate similar cellular processes, although in different organs or tissues and in response to different environmental signals.

1 This work was supported by grants from FORMAS, the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, the Wallenberg Consortium North for Functional Genomics, and European Commission contracts QLG2–CT–1999–00876 (REGIA) and QLK3–2000–00328 (TF-STRESS).

2 These authors contributed equally to the paper.

3 Present address: Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Åbo Academy University, Bio City, P.O. Box 123, FIN–20521 Turku, Finland.

4 Present address: Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80088, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.063461.

* Corresponding author; e-mail eva.soderman{at}ebc.uu.se; fax 46–18–559885.

Received March 30, 2005; returned for revision June 1, 2005; accepted June 1, 2005.




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