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PLANTS INTERACTING WITH OTHER ORGANISMS

Gibberellins Are Involved in Nodulation of Sesbania rostrata¹

Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, B–9052 Gent, Belgium (S.L., S.G., J.D.H., W.C., R.M., M.H.); and Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bristol, Long Ashton, Bristol BS41 9AF, United Kingdom (P.H.)

Upon submergence, Azorhizobium caulinodans infects the semiaquatic legume Sesbania rostrata via the intercellular crack entry process, resulting in lateral root-based nodules. A gene encoding a gibberellin (GA) 20-oxidase, SrGA20ox1, involved in GA biosynthesis, was transiently up-regulated during lateral root base nodulation. Two SrGA20ox1 expression patterns were identified, one related to intercellular infection and a second observed in nodule meristem descendants. The infection-related expression pattern depended on bacterially produced nodulation (Nod) factors. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that GAs were involved in infection pocket and infection thread formation, two Nod factor-dependent events that initiate lateral root base nodulation, and that they were also needed for nodule primordium development. Moreover, GAs inhibited the root hair curling process. These results show that GAs are Nod factor downstream signals for nodulation in hydroponic growth.

² These authors contributed equally to the paper.

³ Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B–9000 Gent, Belgium.

⁴ Present address: Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Station Nationale d'Essais de Semences, F–49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France.

The authors responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) are: Sofie Goormachtig (sofie.goormachtig{at}psb.ugent.be) and Marcelle Holsters (marcelle.holsters{at}psb.ugent.be).

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.066944.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail marcelle.holsters{at}psb.ugent.be; fax 32–9–3313809.

Received June 9, 2005; returned for revision August 19, 2005; accepted August 21, 2005.

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