First published online November 18, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.070144
Plant Physiology 139:1666-1676 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists
BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES
Biotin Synthesis in Plants. The First Committed Step of the Pathway Is Catalyzed by a Cytosolic 7-Keto-8-Aminopelargonic Acid Synthase
Violaine Pinon,
Stéphane Ravanel,
Roland Douce and
Claude Alban*
Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (Jeune Equipe INRA)/Université Joseph Fourier/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, F–38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
Biochemical and molecular characterization of the biotin biosynthetic pathway in plants has dealt primarily with biotin synthase. This enzyme catalyzing the last step of the pathway is localized in mitochondria. Other enzymes of the pathway are however largely unknown. In this study, a genomic-based approach allowed us to clone an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cDNA coding 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) synthase, the first committed enzyme of the biotin synthesis pathway, which we named AtbioF. The function of the enzyme was demonstrated by functional complementation of an Escherichia coli mutant deficient in KAPA synthase reaction, and by measuring in vitro activity. Overproduction and purification of recombinant AtbioF protein enabled a thorough characterization of the kinetic properties of the enzyme and a spectroscopic study of the enzyme interaction with its substrates and product. This is the first characterization of a KAPA synthase reaction in eukaryotes. Finally, both green fluorescent protein-targeting experiments and western-blot analyses showed that the Arabidopsis KAPA synthase is present in cytosol, thus revealing a unique compartmentation of the plant biotin synthesis, split between cytosol and mitochondria. The significance of the complex compartmentation of biotin synthesis and utilization in the plant cell and its potential importance in the regulation of biotin metabolism are also discussed.
The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Claude Alban (claude.alban{at}cea.fr).
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.070144.
* Corresponding author; e-mail claude.alban{at}cea.fr; fax (33)–438–78–50–91.
Received August 19, 2005;
returned for revision September 30, 2005;
accepted September 30, 2005.
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