First published online December 9, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.069625
Plant Physiology 140:210-220 (2006)
© 2006 American Society of Plant Biologists
PLANTS INTERACTING WITH OTHER ORGANISMS
Heterotrimeric G Proteins Facilitate Arabidopsis Resistance to Necrotrophic Pathogens and Are Involved in Jasmonate Signaling1
Yuri Trusov,
James Edward Rookes,
David Chakravorty,
David Armour,
Peer Martin Schenk and
José Ramón Botella*
Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
Heterotrimeric G proteinshave been previously linked to plant defense; however a role for the G  dimer in defense signaling has not been described to date. Using available Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants lacking functional G or G subunits, we show that defense against the necrotrophic pathogens Alternaria brassicicola and Fusarium oxysporum is impaired in G-deficient mutants while G-deficient mutants show slightly increased resistance compared to wild-type Columbia ecotype plants. In contrast, responses to virulent (DC3000) and avirulent (JL1065) strains of Pseudomonas syringae appear to be independent of heterotrimeric G proteins. The induction of a number of defense-related genes in G-deficient mutants were severely reduced in response to A. brassicicola infection. In addition, G-deficient mutants exhibit decreased sensitivity to a number of methyl jasmonate-induced responses such as induction of the plant defensin gene PDF1.2, inhibition of root elongation, seed germination, and growth of plants in sublethal concentrations of methyl jasmonate. In all cases, the behavior of the G-deficient mutants is coherent with the classic heterotrimeric mechanism of action, indicating that jasmonic acid signaling is influenced by the G functional subunit but not by G. We hypothesize that G acts as a direct or indirect enhancer of the jasmonate signaling pathway in plants.
1 This work was supported by the Australian Research Council (grant no. DP0344924).
The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: José Ramón Botella (j.botella{at}uq.edu.au).
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.069625.
* Corresponding author; e-mail j.botella{at}uq.edu.au; fax 61–7–33651699.
Received August 8, 2005;
returned for revision October 4, 2005;
accepted October 6, 2005.
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