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First published online December 29, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.070995

Plant Physiology 140:761-770 (2006)
© 2006 American Society of Plant Biologists

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ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION TO STRESS

Double Knockouts of Phospholipases D{zeta}1 and D{zeta}2 in Arabidopsis Affect Root Elongation during Phosphate-Limited Growth But Do Not Affect Root Hair Patterning1

Maoyin Li, Chunbo Qin, Ruth Welti and Xuemin Wang*

Department of Biochemistry (M.L., C.Q., X.W.) and Division of Biology (R.W.), Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506; Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (M.L., X.W.); and Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (M.L., X.W.)

Root elongation and root hair formation are important in nutrient absorption. We found that two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) phospholipase Ds (PLDs), PLD{zeta}1 and PLD{zeta}2, were involved in root elongation during phosphate limitation. PLD{zeta}1 and PLD{zeta}2 are structurally different from the majority of plant PLDs by having phox and pleckstrin homology domains. Both PLD{zeta}s were expressed more in roots than in other tissues. It was reported previously that inducible suppression or inducible overexpression of PLD{zeta}1 affected root hair patterning. However, gene knockouts of PLD{zeta}1, PLD{zeta}2, or the double knockout of PLD{zeta}1 and PLD{zeta}2 showed no effect on root hair formation. The expression of PLD{zeta}s increased in response to phosphate limitation. The elongation of primary roots in PLD{zeta}1 and PLD{zeta}2 double knockout mutants was slower than that of wild type and single knockout mutants. The loss of PLD{zeta}2, but not PLD{zeta}1, led to a decreased accumulation of phosphatidic acid in roots under phosphate-limited conditions. These results indicate that PLD{zeta}1 and PLD{zeta}2 play a role in regulating root development in response to nutrient limitation.

1 This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF; grant nos. MCB–0416839 and INB–0454866) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (grant no. 2005–35818–15253). The Kansas Lipidomics Research Center Analytical Laboratory received support from the NSF EPSCoR program (grant no. EPS–0236913) with matching support from the State of Kansas through Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation and Kansas State University. The Kansas Lipidomics Research Center also received Core Facility support from K-IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) through the National Institutes of Health (grant no. P20 RR16475 from the INBRE program of the National Center for Research Resources).

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Xuemin Wang (wangxue{at}umsl.edu).

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.070995.

* Corresponding author; e-mail wangxue{at}umsl.edu; fax 314–587–1519.

Received September 6, 2005; returned for revision November 5, 2005; accepted November 29, 2005.




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