This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 140/3/972    most recent pp.105.073007v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Web of Science (7) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Zhang, K. Articles by Cheng, Z. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Zhang, K. Articles by Cheng, Z. Agricola Articles by Zhang, K. Articles by Cheng, Z.

GENETICS, GENOMICS, AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION

GOLD HULL AND INTERNODE2 Encodes a Primarily Multifunctional Cinnamyl-Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Rice¹

State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China (K.Z., Z.H., Y.W., M.L., L.H., D.Z., C.C., Z.C.); State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China (Q.Q., D.Z.); Department of Agronomy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China (M.G.); and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China (K.Z., Z.H., L.H., D.Z.)

Lignin content and composition are two important agronomic traits for the utilization of agricultural residues. Rice (Oryza sativa) gold hull and internode phenotype is a classical morphological marker trait that has long been applied to breeding and genetics study. In this study, we have cloned the GOLD HULL AND INTERNODE2 (GH2) gene in rice using a map-based cloning approach. The result shows that the gh2 mutant is a lignin-deficient mutant, and GH2 encodes a cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). Consistent with this finding, extracts from roots, internodes, hulls, and panicles of the gh2 plants exhibited drastically reduced CAD activity and undetectable sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity. When expressed in Escherichia coli, purified recombinant GH2 was found to exhibit strong catalytic ability toward coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde, while the mutant protein gh2 completely lost the corresponding CAD and sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activities. Further phenotypic analysis of the gh2 mutant plants revealed that the p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl, and sinapyl monomers were reduced in almost the same ratio compared to the wild type. Our results suggest GH2 acts as a primarily multifunctional CAD to synthesize coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol precursors in rice lignin biosynthesis.

² These authors contributed equally to the paper.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Zhukuan Cheng (zkcheng{at}genetics.ac.cn).

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.073007.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail zkcheng{at}genetics.ac.cn; fax 0086–10–6487,3428.

Received October 17, 2005; returned for revision January 17, 2006; accepted January 17, 2006.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. E. Sattler, A. J. Saathoff, E. J. Haas, N. A. Palmer, D. L. Funnell-Harris, G. Sarath, and J. F. Pedersen A Nonsense Mutation in a Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Is Responsible for the Sorghum brown midrib6 Phenotype Plant Physiology, June 1, 2009; 150(2): 584 - 595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. H. Bhuiyan, G. Selvaraj, Y. Wei, and J. King Gene expression profiling and silencing reveal that monolignol biosynthesis plays a critical role in penetration defence in wheat against powdery mildew invasion J. Exp. Bot., February 1, 2009; 60(2): 509 - 521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Saballos, G. Ejeta, E. Sanchez, C. Kang, and W. Vermerris A Genomewide Analysis of the Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Family in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Identifies SbCAD2 as the Brown midrib6 Gene Genetics, February 1, 2009; 181(2): 783 - 795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Dinka, M. A. Campbell, T. Demers, and M. N. Raizada Predicting the Size of the Progeny Mapping Population Required to Positionally Clone a Gene Genetics, August 1, 2007; 176(4): 2035 - 2054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Q.-H. Ma Characterization of a cinnamoyl-CoA reductase that is associated with stem development in wheat J. Exp. Bot., June 1, 2007; 58(8): 2011 - 2021. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Kojo, T. Yaeno, K. Kusumi, H. Matsumura, S. Fujisawa, R. Terauchi, and K. Iba Regulatory Mechanisms of ROI Generation are Affected by Rice spl Mutations Plant Cell Physiol., August 1, 2006; 47(8): 1035 - 1044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]