First published online February 3, 2006; 10.1104/pp.105.076083
Plant Physiology 140:984-997 (2006)
© 2006 American Society of Plant Biologists
GENETICS, GENOMICS, AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
Protein Profiling of Plastoglobules in Chloroplasts and Chromoplasts. A Surprising Site for Differential Accumulation of Metabolic Enzymes1,[W]
A. Jimmy Ytterberg,
Jean-Benoit Peltier2 and
Klaas J. van Wijk*
Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
Plastoglobules (PGs) are oval or tubular lipid-rich structures present in all plastid types, but their specific functions are unclear. PGs contain quinones,  -tocopherol, and lipids and, in chromoplasts, carotenoids as well. It is not known whether PGs contain any enzymes or regulatory proteins. Here, we determined the proteome of PGs from chloroplasts of stressed and unstressed leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as well as from pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit chromoplasts using mass spectrometry. Together, this showed that the proteome of chloroplast PGs consists of seven fibrillins, providing a protein coat and preventing coalescence of the PGs, and an additional 25 proteins likely involved in metabolism of isoprenoid-derived molecules (quinines and tocochromanols), lipids, and carotenoid cleavage. Four unknown ABC1 kinases were identified, possibly involved in regulation of quinone monooxygenases. Most proteins have not been observed earlier but have predicted N-terminal chloroplast transit peptides and lack transmembrane domains, consistent with localization in the PG lipid monolayer particles. Quantitative differences in PG composition in response to high light stress and degreening were determined by differential stable-isotope labeling using formaldehyde. More than 20 proteins were identified in the PG proteome of pepper chromoplasts, including four enzymes of carotenoid biosynthesis and several homologs of proteins observed in the chloroplast PGs. Our data strongly suggest that PGs in chloroplasts form a functional metabolic link between the inner envelope and thylakoid membranes and play a role in breakdown of carotenoids and oxidative stress defense, whereas PGs in chromoplasts are also an active site for carotenoid conversions.
1 This work was supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA-Biochemistry; grant no. 2003–35100–13579) and New York Science and Technology and Research to K.J.v.W.
2 Present address: Laboratoire de Protéomique 2, Place Viala 34060, Montpellier cedex 1, France.
The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Klaas J. van Wijk (kv35{at}cornell.edu).
[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.076083.
* Corresponding author; e-mail kv35{at}cornell.edu; fax 607–255–5407.
Received December 22, 2005;
returned for revision January 19, 2006;
accepted January 19, 2006.
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