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ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION TO STRESS

Transcriptional Profiling Implicates Novel Interactions between Abiotic Stress and Hormonal Responses in Thellungiella, a Close Relative of Arabidopsis^1,[W]

Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1 (C.E.W., Y.L., C.D., M.G., B.A.M.); Département de mathématiques et de statistique, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4 (A.L.); Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (D.G., P.N., B.W., G.B.G., E.A.W.); and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A8 (G.R.G.)

Thellungiella, an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)-related halophyte, is an emerging model species for studies designed to elucidate molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance. Using a cDNA microarray containing 3,628 unique sequences derived from previously described libraries of stress-induced cDNAs of the Yukon ecotype of Thellungiella salsuginea, we obtained transcript profiles of its response to cold, salinity, simulated drought, and rewatering after simulated drought. A total of 154 transcripts were differentially regulated under the conditions studied. Only six of these genes responded to all three stresses of drought, cold, and salinity, indicating a divergence among the end responses triggered by each of these stresses. Unlike in Arabidopsis, there were relatively few transcript changes in response to high salinity in this halophyte. Furthermore, the gene products represented among drought-responsive transcripts in Thellungiella associate a down-regulation of defense-related transcripts with exposure to water deficits. This antagonistic interaction between drought and biotic stress response may demonstrate Thellungiella's ability to respond precisely to environmental stresses, thereby conserving energy and resources and maximizing its survival potential. Intriguingly, changes of transcript abundance in response to cold implicate the involvement of jasmonic acid. While transcripts associated with photosynthetic processes were repressed by cold, physiological responses in plants developed at low temperature suggest a novel mechanism for photosynthetic acclimation. Taken together, our results provide useful starting points for more in-depth analyses of Thellungiella's extreme stress tolerance.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Barbara Moffatt (moffatt{at}uwaterloo.ca).

^[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.070508.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail moffatt{at}uwaterloo.ca; fax 1–519–7460614.

Received August 28, 2005; returned for revision December 10, 2005; accepted January 19, 2006.

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