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Xanthan Induces Plant Susceptibility by Suppressing Callose Deposition^1,[OA]

Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina (M.H.Y., P.S.T., L.A.R., M.A.D., A.A.V.); Centre en Amélioration Végétale, Centre de Recherche sur les Mécanismes du Fonctionnement Cellulaire, Département de Biologie, Facultés des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1K2R1 (M.E.O., K.B.); Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7 (R.G.L.); Instituto de Biologia Molecular de Rosario-Departmento Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad National de Rosario, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina (M.R.M.); and Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, 4101-Tucuman, Argentina (A.P.C.)

Xanthan is the major exopolysaccharide secreted by Xanthomonas spp. Despite its diverse roles in bacterial pathogenesis of plants, little is known about the real implication of this molecule in Xanthomonas pathogenesis. In this study we show that in contrast to Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris strain 8004 (wild type), the xanthan minus mutant (strain 8397) and the mutant strain 8396, which is producing truncated xanthan, fail to cause disease in both Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. In contrast to wild type, 8397 and 8396 strains induce callose deposition in N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis plants. Interestingly, treatment with xanthan but not truncated xanthan, suppresses the accumulation of callose and enhances the susceptibility of both N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis plants to 8397 and 8396 mutant strains. Finally, in concordance, we also show that treatment with an inhibitor of callose deposition previous to infection induces susceptibility to 8397 and 8396 strains. Thus, xanthan suppression effect on callose deposition seems to be important for Xanthomonas infectivity.

² These authors contributed equally to the paper.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Adrián A. Vojnov (avojnov{at}leloir.org.ar).

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Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.074542.

^* Corresponding author; e-mail avojnov{at}leloir.org.ar; fax 011541152387501.

Received November 23, 2005; returned for revision February 11, 2006; accepted February 16, 2006.

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